三江并流地区干热河谷绿洲聚落人居景观研究——以西藏芒康盐井周边为例

Research on the Oasis Human Settlement Landscapes of Dry-Hot Valley in the Three Parallel RiversRegion: A Case Study of Yanjing and Its Surrounding Area, Mangkang, Xizang

关键词:  风景园林  干热河谷  绿洲  人居营建  空间格局

Key words:  landscape architecture  dry-hot valley  oasis  human settlement construction  spatial pattern

摘要:

三江并流地区作为全球地理景观与生物多样性的典型代表，因严苛的地形、气候与水文条件，形成了极具挑战的生境。人类通过长期适应实践，在此塑 造了独特的绿洲聚落适应性人居景观。以澜沧江河谷盐井段的绿洲聚落为例，梳理其人居系统的要素与营建过程、空间格局及“人-环境”互动机制。结果显示： 其营建是对地、水、热、产、物、商、人、文化等要素与过程的系统组织与协调利用；绿洲聚落通过适应其环境特征与人居需求，在河谷、垂直地带、聚落3个层 面形成有机联系的空间格局；长期演进中，其自然、人文等系统相互作用，形成了持续传承、纳新、调整的人居营建地方知识体系，成为“人-环境”互动内容， 最终塑造了干热河谷绿洲聚落人居景观。干热河谷绿洲聚落人居营建的过程与机制，能为该类极端条件下的可持续人居提供理论参考。

Abstract:

As a globally typical representative of geographical landscape diversity and biodiversity, the Three Parallel Rivers Region has formed highly challenging natural habitats due to its unique topography, harsh climatic conditions, and hydrological constraints. Within this region, through long-term adaptive practices and wisdom accumulation, humans have crafted distinctive "oasis" settlement landscapes - special geographical units characterized by highly complex adaptive systems - in the dry-hot valleys. However, under the current external pressures, such as global warming and tourism development, the human settlement landscape structure of these dry-hot valley oasis settlements is facing enormous threats, which hinders the sustainable development of the region. To deepen the understanding of the processes and mechanisms underlying human settlement construction in extreme environments constrained by terrain, water, and thermal resources, this study selects the oasis settlements along the Yanjing section of the Lancang River Valley in Mangkang County, Xizang, as the research object. It investigates the site selection, settlement establishment, and development processes of these dry-hot valley oasis settlements, as well as their key influencing factors, and constructs a systematic analytical framework. Such a framework aims to elucidate how oasis settlements in dry-hot valleys, amid extreme environmental constraints, realize the construction of living spaces, the improvement of functional systems, and the shaping of cultural landscapes through the systematic organization of core elements and the continuous evolution of adaptive processes. On this foundation, the study analyzes the human settlement landscape patterns and their "human-nature" interaction mechanisms, explores and summarizes the adaptive construction experiences of oasis settlements in dry-hot valleys, and reveals the evolutionary characteristics of adaptation in the interplay between humans and extreme environments. The research findings indicate that the construction of oasis settlements in dry-hot valleys constitutes the systematic organization and coordinated utilization of multiple elements and processes, including terrain, water resources, thermal conditions, production activities, material resources, commerce, human activities, and cultural practices. By adapting to the characteristics of the environmental matrix and the needs of human habitation, these oasis settlements have formed an organically interconnected composite spatial pattern across three levels: the valley zone, vertical zonation, and settlement clusters. Throughout the long-term evolutionary process of oasis settlements in dry-hot valleys, natural and human elements have interacted dynamically through continuous integration, giving rise to a local knowledge system for human settlement construction that emphasizes inheritance, innovation, and adjustment. This knowledge system serves as the core content of "human-environment" interactions, ultimately shaping oasis settlement landscapes that are well-suited to the dry-hot valley environment. The processes and mechanisms of human settlement construction exemplified by these dry-hot valley oasis settlements can provide valuable references for optimizing human habitats, promoting the sustainable management of natural resources, and enhancing ecological resilience in similar extreme environmental conditions. Such insights not only enrich the theoretical system of landscape architecture regarding adaptive design in extreme environments, but also offer practical guidance for balancing human development needs with ecological conservation in fragile dry-hot valley regions.