西辽河流域传统村落景观营建的地方性知识研究

Research on Local Knowledge of Traditional Village Landscape Construction in the Xiliao River Basin

关键词:  风景园林  流域传统村落  景观营建  地方性知识图谱  主体性  系统性

Key words:  landscape architecture  traditional village in watershed  landscape construction  local knowledge mapping  subjectivity  systemic

摘要:

西辽河流域是中华文明的源头之一，是中国继黄河、长江之后的第三条母亲河。以西辽河流域传统村落为研究对象，基于流域人居系统科学框架，探讨 流域传统村落景观的地方性与适宜性。根据传统村落景观营建现状，对景观营建地方性知识展开主体性和系统性的思考，提出传统村落景观营建的地方性知识体 系，以此析出传统村落“河流、山林、农田、牧场、道路、边界、水库、景廊、村落”的水适应模式，得出“水环境主导＋水经济驱动＋水文化凝聚”的传统村 落景观营建地方性知识驱动机制，构建“节点-核心-轴线-背景”的传统村落景观营建一体化格局。

Abstract:

The Xiliao River Basin is one of the origins of Chinese civilization and the third mother river of China after the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. Archaeologist Mr. Su Bingqi referred to it as the "place where the sun of civilization rises". This region witnessed the birth of Xinglongwa culture; A series of prehistoric cultures such as Zhaobaogou, Hongshan, Xiaoheyan, and Xiajiadian demonstrate the agricultural civilization of the West Liaohe River Basin. However, based on existing research results, research on local knowledge of landscape construction in traditional villages mainly focuses on villages with rich historical and cultural heritage, with a focus on the spatial evolution of traditional villages. There is a lack of research on the local knowledge graph and driving mechanism of landscape construction in traditional villages from the perspectives of villagers' subjectivity and village systematics. Moreover, the attention paid to traditional villages in watershed areas with dual historical, cultural, and natural ecological values is relatively low. Based on this, this article takes traditional villages in the Xiliao River Basin as the research object, and explores the locality and suitability of the landscape of traditional villages in the basin based on the scientific framework of the basin's human settlement system. According to the current situation of traditional village landscape construction, it can be divided into the following five subsystems: watershed civilization subsystem, watershed water cycle subsystem, watershed ecological environment subsystem, watershed cultural environment subsystem, and traditional village spatial subsystem. Conduct subjective and systematic thinking on local knowledge of landscape construction, construct a local knowledge map of landscape construction, and propose a local knowledge system for traditional village landscape construction based on watershed, village, and element scales. In terms of systematicity, it mainly includes a regional feature map composed of regional and cultural regions; A traditional village evolution map formed by the historical origins and production methods of the village, as well as a spatial form map composed of village site selection, overall form, boundaries, and street and alley patterns. In terms of subjectivity, it includes the natural landscape map formed under the relationship between humans and nature, such as geological landscape, water landscape, etc; The material cultural landscape map formed by the interaction between people and village space, such as spatial texture, street and alley space, public space map, etc; The intangible cultural landscape map formed by the interaction of human social behavior in the village, including religious beliefs, folk rituals, traditional crafts, etc. Systematically emphasizing the landscape construction activities of traditional villages in the entire largescale area and the knowledge of the "human land" relationship contained therein, subjectivity focuses more on the interconnection between the internal spatial structure of traditional villages and social networks, and the internalization of local knowledge in the micro social relationships formed over the course of history. The two together form a local knowledge system for the construction of traditional village landscapes. Afterwards, the driving mechanism and influencing factors of local knowledge in traditional village landscape construction were analyzed. Under the influence of "water environment dominance + water economy drive + water culture cohesion", a water adaptation model for traditional villages was proposed, which includes "rivers, forests, farmland, pastures, roads, boundaries, reservoirs, scenic corridors, and villages". Under the influence of nine factors, the local knowledge generation logic of traditional village landscape construction is extracted, and an integrated pattern of "node core axis background" is constructed for traditional village landscape construction. Provide thinking for its local construction strategy. I hope to contribute to the research on local knowledge of traditional village landscape construction