基于生理-心理感知的昆明市公园园林植物群落秋季色彩量化研究

The Study on Autumn Color Quantification of Landscape Plant Communities with People's Physiological and Psychological Perception in Parks of Kunming City

关键词:  风景园林  园林植物群落  色彩特征  色彩量化  生理-心理感知  昆明市公园

Key words:  landscape architecture  landscape plant community  color characteristics  color quantification  physiological and psychological perception  park of Kunming city

摘要:

色彩是园林植物群落中最直观鲜明的观赏特征，给人以不同的生理感知和心理联想，进而促进人们的身心健康。以昆明市城市公园园林植物群落为研究对象，采用MATLAB软件量化园林植物群落的色彩特征，结合人体生理心理指标测试法(PPI)量化人们对园林植物群落色彩的感知，探讨园林植物群落色彩不同搭配组合与人们生理、心理感知之间的关系。结果表明：1)园林植物群落秋季色彩以绿色系为基调，橙色系色彩占比相对较多，黄色系和红色系色彩占比相近，色彩变化丰富；2)以绿、橙、黄色系占比划分的4类群落，T1类群落的黄色占比最大，T2类群落的绿色占比最大，T3类群落的橙色占比最大；绿色、橙色、黄色等12个特征在4类群落间差异极显著；3)不同色彩特征类型的园林植物群落唤醒了人体生理、心理感知，T4类群落的色彩特征更利于生理放松，T1类群落的色彩特征更利于心理放松；4)利于人体生理和心理放松的园林植物群落，以绿色为基调色彩，主色系4~6种；色彩搭配比例为绿:橙:黄:蓝比值为25:12:9:1、24:5:3:1和15:2:1:1；绿:橙:黄:红:蓝比值为22:28:12:1:2和12:6:2:1:1；绿:橙:黄:红:蓝:紫比值为17:7:2:1:2:1。在昆明市公园的秋季植物景观营造中，可以考虑此园林植物群落色彩的配置比例，营造既有观赏价值又有利于人体身心健康的园林植物景观。

Abstract:

Color is the most intuitive and vivid ornamental feature in landscape plant communities, directly affecting the emotions and atmosphere of the landscape space. Its rich combinations and seasonal changes could bring different physiological feelings and psychological associations to people, thereby promoting their physical and mental health. Compared with qualitative research, quantitative research on the color of landscape plant communities describes and summarizes the color characteristics of landscape plant communities in a relatively accurate and digital language, which facilitates the exploration of color harmony laws and other subsequent quantitative research. Besides, it can provide objective and detailed data support for the color design of plant landscape. In this study, the landscape plant communities in different parks of Kunming city were taken as the research objects. The color characteristics of landscape plant communities were quantified by MATLAB software, and people's perception of the landscape plant communities' color was quantified by the psycho-physiological indicator test method (PPI), to explore the relationship between different color combinations of landscape plant communities and people's physiological and psychological perceptions. The results show that: 1) The color of landscape plant communities in autumn is mainly green (43.11%), with a relatively higher proportion of orange (18.8%), and a similar proportion of yellow (9.99%) and red (9.66%). The saturation levels are mainly medium and low, while the brightness levels are mainly low and medium. The color number is 14-30, the color diversity index is 3.095, and the color uniformity index is 1.003. The communities have rich color changes, and the proportion of warm color (60.31%) is significantly higher than that of cold color (24.55%). 2) The landscape plant communities are divided into four types based on the proportion of green, orange, and yellow. In the T1 communities, green accounts for 43.65%, with the highest proportion of yellow, and the ratio of cold and warm color is 1:4. In the T2 communities, the proportion of green is the highest while the proportion of orange and red is the lowest, with the ratio of cold and warm color of 1:1. In the T3 communities, the proportion of green is the lowest while the proportion of orange is the highest, with the ratio of cold and warm color of 1:6. In the T4 communities, green accounts for 34.36%, with the highest proportion of red, and the ratio of cold and warm color is 3:7. The color characteristics including green, orange, yellow, red, blue, purple, S1, S3, grey, V3, the proportion of warm and cold color show significant differences among the four types of communities. 3) The human physiological and psychological perception is aroused by landscape plant communities of different color combinations. From the perspective of physiological comprehensive index (PH) values, the color characteristics of the T4 communities are more conducive to human physiological relaxation. From the perspective of psychological perception index (PS) values, the color characteristics of the T1 communities are more conducive to human psychological relaxation. From the perspective of color cognition index (PE) values, people prefer the color characteristics of the T1 communities. Compared to the SC value, the values of δ wave, θ wave, α wave, and β wave reflect more subtle physiological changes in the human body. 4) In the landscape plant communities that are both conducive to human physiological and psychological relaxation, the keynote color is green, and there are 4 to 6 kinds of main colors, with warm colors accounting for more than cold colors. The color configuration ratios are 25:12:9:1, 24:5:3:1, and 15:2:1:1 of green: orange: yellow: blue; 22:28:12:1:2 and 12:6:2:1:1 of green: orange: yellow: red: blue; 17:7:2:1:2:1 of green: orange: yellow: red: blue: purple. Relatively, the landscape plant communities with the ratio of green: orange: yellow: red: blue of 12:6:2:1:1 are more conducive to human physiological relaxation, while the landscape plant communities with the color ratio of 22:28:12:1:2 are more conducive to human psychological relaxation. In the future, for the plant landscape construction in autumn in the parks of Kunming city, the color configuration proportion of these landscape plant communities above could be taken into consideration, either using green plants as the main tone or highlighting orange and yellow plants, to create plant landscapes that have ornamental value and are also conducive to people's physical and mental health.