街道环境色彩对老年人步行活动的影响：基于情绪中介效应的模型验证

The Impact of Street Environmental Colors on Older Adults' Walking Activity: A Mediation Analysis of Emotion

关键词:  风景园林  街道环境  环境色彩  老年人步行  情绪感知  中介效应

Key words:  landscape architecture  street environment  environmental color  elderly pedestrian activity  emotional perception  mediating effect

摘要:

利用街景图像采集、TrueSkill算法、图像色彩量化等技术，构建路径分析模型，验证街道色彩特征对老年人步行活动的影响及情绪感知的中介效应。结果表明：1)鳌峰街道等东部区域的街道环境色彩饱和度和明亮度较高，单一住宅区和工业主导片区的色彩丰富度则相对较低；2)金山街道南部、华大街道及闽江沿岸街道的老年人步行意愿普遍较高；3)街道色彩饱和度显著激发老年人的步行意愿，而色彩丰富度和明亮度则可能产生抑制作用；4)愉悦度是街道环境色彩特征与老年人步行意愿间最关键的中介变量。愉悦度和活力度在色彩协调度对老年人步行意愿的影响中发挥完全中介效应。安全感在色彩饱和度、明亮度与丰富度对老年人步行意愿的影响中起到部分中介效应。

Abstract:

As global aging intensifies, promoting the health and quality of life of older adults has become an important goal of urban development. Walking, a simple and low-cost activity, effectively improves physical and cognitive health while reducing medical dependence. Environmental color, as a key component of the urban built environment, strongly shapes visual perception, emotional experience, and behavioral intention, particularly among older adults with declining perceptual capacities. Yet evidence on how street-level color affects elderly walking behavior remains limited. Using the core districts of Fuzhou within the Third Ring Road as a case study, this research examines the influence of street color on older adults' walking intentions, emphasizing emotional perception as a mediator. Four color indices - saturation, brightness, harmony, and richness - were quantified through computer vision, and 222 older adults conducted pairwise comparisons of street images, yielding 39,675 valid judgments converted into continuous perception and intention scores using the TrueSkill model. A structural path analysis assessed direct and indirect effects through pleasure, vitality, and sense of security. Results reveal clear spatial variation: eastern and riverside streets exhibit higher saturation and brightness, while some residential and industrial areas show low richness and weak harmony. Stronger walking intentions appear in visually balanced areas such as Jinshan and Huaqiao Streets. Saturation has a strong positive effect on walking intention, whereas excessive brightness and richness inhibit it; harmony influences behavior only through emotional pathways. Emotional perception acts as the core bridge linking color and behavior: pleasure is the dominant mediator, vitality mediates harmonious and saturated environments, and security partially mediates the effects of saturation, brightness, and richness. Overall, environmental color functions not only as an aesthetic but as a behavioral determinant affecting health via emotion regulation. Identifying these color-emotion-behavior pathways enriches environmental psychology and supports practical color strategies in urban renewal and age-friendly design.