路径-场景-要素: 大学校园景观空间心理复愈效益研究

Path, Scenario, and Elements: A Study on the Psychological Restoration Benefits of University Campus Landscape Spaces

关键词:  风景园林  校园景观  心理健康  大学生  复愈效益

Key words:  landscape architecture  campus landscape  mental health  college student  recovery benefit

摘要:

校园景观作为大学生最直接、最频繁使用的户外环境，已被证实对缓解精神疲劳、心理压力具有积极效益，是改善大学生心理健康的重要环境干预媒介。然而，现有研究在动态路径体验、景观场景系统性及要素作用机制等方面尚存不足。为此，选取华中科技大学主校区作为研究区域，通过识别大学生最常使用的校园景观路径，系统归纳典型景观场景及其要素构成，采用路径实验法模拟大学生游览行为开展自然实验，并结合统计学差异检验与随机森林模型，综合探究景观路径、场景、要素对大学生心理健康的复愈效益。结果表明，在连续路径体验中，不同序列组合的景观路径其复愈效益差异显著；所归纳的林地、湖景等9类景观场景均具有复愈效果，且自然场景整体优于人工场景；色彩丰富度、声音等级与建筑立面占比等要素对心理恢复产生关键影响，且存在明显的非线性关系。期望在丰富恢复性环境相关理论研究的同时，为校园景观空间更新改造实践提供科学依据。

Abstract:

Campus landscapes serve as the most directly accessible and regularly engaged outdoor environments for the university student demographic, with a well-documented body of empirical evidence substantiating their affirmative contribution towards the reduction of mental fatigue and the alleviation of psychological stress. This established efficacy positions campus landscapes as a viable and impactful medium for environmental intervention strategies designed to counter mental health challenges prevalent within the student community. It is noteworthy, however, that contemporary academic inquiry continues to demonstrate considerable shortcomings in several specific domains, namely the comprehension of experiential dynamics along movement paths, the development of a systematic framework for categorizing landscape scenes, and the elucidation of the functional mechanisms governing individual landscape components. To address these identified research deficiencies, the present investigation designated the campus of Huazhong University of Science and Technology as its empirical site. The research methodology was structured around three principal and sequential stages: the initial identification of the most commonly traversed landscape routes by the student body, followed by a systematic classification of the prototypical landscape scenes encountered along these corridors coupled with a detailed inventory of their constituent elements, and finally, the implementation of a path-based experimental protocol designed to replicate typical student navigation patterns within a naturally occurring setting. The dataset acquired through this process was subjected to a dual-faceted analytical approach, incorporating both conventional statistical testing for significance and the application of a Random Forest machine learning model, thereby facilitating a holistic assessment of the restorative impacts exerted by landscape pathways, distinct scene types, and discrete elements upon the psychological well-being ofparticipants. The experimental outcomes brought to light several pivotal trends: primarily, it was observed that the restorative benefits derived from the experience were not uniform but exhibited significant variation contingent upon the specific sequential ordering of landscape segments within a continuous journey. Secondly, each of the nine distinct classifications of landscape scenes - encompassing categories such as woodland zones and lakeside perspectives - was found to induce a quantifiable restorative effect, though a consistent performance gradient was evident wherein scenes predominantly featuring natural elements yielded superior restorative outcomes compared to those characterized by artificial or built structures. Thirdly, the investigation pinpointed particular elemental attributes, including the diversity and intensity of color, the prevailing ambient sound levels, and the visual proportion occupied by building facades, as exerting a critical influence on the psychological restoration process. Furthermore, sophisticated analytical techniques uncovered that the associations between these pivotal elements and restorative outcomes are not straightforwardly linear but are instead characterized by distinct and complex non-linear dynamics. The fundamental objective of this research endeavor is to concurrently advance the theoretical discourse surrounding restorative environments and to furnish a scientifically rigorous foundation to guide the practical endeavors of campus landscape planning and architectural design. The knowledge and insights produced by this study hold particular significance for directing strategic initiatives related to landscape modification and the optimization of spatial configurations, with the ultimate aim of fostering enhanced student mental health and overall well-being through deliberate and evidence-based environmental design interventions.