地方居民恢复性环境感知对环境关注唤醒的影响——基于理性人模型的实证研究

The Effect of Local Residents' Restorative Environmental Perception on Environmental Concern Arousal: An Empirical Research on the Reasonable Person Model

关键词:  风景园林  具身认知  恢复性环境感知  环境关注  理性人模型  湿地公园

Key words:  landscape architecture  embodied cognition  restorative environment perception  environmental concern  reasonable person model  wetland par

摘要:

恢复性作为自然环境的重要特性，同时也是推动地方居民场所依恋与环境关注产生的关键推手。从具身认知视角出发，以理性人模型为理论基础，选取 南昌市4处典型湿地公园开展问卷调查，通过构建一阶与二阶结构方程模型，并进行多群组分析，剖析具身认知视角下恢复性环境感知的构成要素，同时探索恢复 性环境感知与场所依恋对地方居民环境关注唤醒的影响。结果显示：1)视觉、听觉、触觉对恢复性环境感知的形成具有显著正向影响，嗅觉对恢复性环境感知的 影响不明显；2)恢复性环境感知能够直接、显著正向影响场所依恋与环境关注；3)场所依恋既能直接、显著正向影响环境关注，又能在恢复性环境感知与环境关 注间发挥中介作用，理性人模型得到验证；4)具身认知可以作为整体变量，对地方居民恢复性环境感知发挥显著正向影响。据此，提出以恢复性环境建设为核心 的场所依恋及对环境关注唤醒的影响，以期引导更多的地方居民广泛参与环境治理与建设。

Abstract:

Restorativeness, as a key feature of natural environments, helps people to recover more quickly from socio-psychological pressures. Although its construction has received attention, there are still many challenges in environmental development practices, the most prominent of which is insufficient participation of local residents, which is related to the low motivation of local residents. Therefore, how to guide local residents as important stakeholders to participate in construction becomes a core issue, while also serving as a key driver for promoting place attachment and environmental concern among local residents. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to focus more on local residents' perceptions of restorative environments and the benefits they bring to their physical and mental well-being, which can further stimulate their motivation to participate in construction. Thus, from the perspective of embodied cognition and based on the reasonable person model (RPM), this research adopts the progressive threelevel framework of self-interest, altruism, and biosphere preservation as an entry point. Previously, local residents maintained environmental concern primarily based on self-interest factors. However, by combining emotional connection, levels of environmental concern, and restorative environments in research, this study explores whether local residents in restorative environments can transcend the limitations of embodied cognition, develop emotional connection due to their perception of the restorative environment, and further awaken higher-level environmental concern (biosphere preservation), ultimately guiding residents to participate in environmental construction. Four wetland parks in Nanchang, a city that has received international recognition for its wetland conservation efforts, were selected for a detailed case study. The following bodies of water are of interest: Yaohu Lake, Aixihu Lake, Beiliaohe River, and Qinglan Lake. Questionnaire surveys were conducted in order to validate the model and hypotheses through firstand second-order structural equation modelling. In addition, the components of restorative environment perception from an embodied cognition perspective were analysed, and the impact of restorative environment perception and place attachment on awakening environmental concern among local residents was explored. Specifically, 446 valid questionnaires were collected. Following the implementation of common method bias testing, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis, each path was analysed and tested. A multigroup analysis was conducted to demonstrate the cross-group applicability of the data analysis conclusions, followed by direct effect testing of the second-order structural equation model. The research results show that: 1) visual, auditory and tactile senses have significant positive effects on the formation of restorative environment perception, while the influence of olfactory sense is not significant; 2) restorative environment perception can directly and significantly positively influence place attachment and environmental concern; 3) place attachment can both directly and significantly positively influence environmental concern and mediate between restorative environment perception and environmental concern, validating the reasonable person model; 4) embodied cognition, as an overall variable, exerts a significant positive influence on local residents' restorative environment perception. Accordingly, this study proposes the impact of restorative environment construction on place attachment and the awakening of environmental concern, offering targeted recommendations for resident participation in environmental governance and construction, primarily including three aspects: 1) Developing local residents' sensory experiences through visual, auditory, olfactory and tactile dimensions; 2) Enhancing local residents' restorative environment perception; 3) Strengthening functional dependence and emotional enhancement to cultivate place attachment among local residents. Combined with the analysis results, recommendations are provided with specific restorative environmental construction as an entry point, such as modifying vegetation and infrastructure, aiming to guide more local residents to broadly participate in environmental management and construction.