基于社会-生态实践的城市河湖湿地多元功能拓展路径

Pathways for Expanding the Multifunctionality of Urban River and Lake Wetlands Based on SocioEcological Practices

关键词:  风景园林  湿地  社会-生态实践  生态系统服务功能  生态恢复  上海

Key words:  landscape architecture  wetland  socio-ecological practices  ecosystem service function  ecological restoration  Shanghai

摘要:

湿地作为重要的生态系统类型，是城市关键的生态空间和景观组成，具有多样的生态系统服务功能，其恢复与保护也是社会-生态实践的重要内容。基于 社会-生态实践视角，探讨了城市河湖湿地多元功能以及拓展路径。结合上海河湖湿地修复案例，提出尽管近年城市水面率指标稳步提高、水环境质量显著改善、 水生态系统逐渐恢复、河湖岸线贯通成效显著，但河湖湿地功能仍存在进一步提升空间，主要表现在水体连通功能尚待改善，清澈度亟须提高，生物多样性有待提 升，亲水功能仍需加强。在此基础上，提出了以水体清澈度为重点，实现环境功能改善；以生物多样性为核心，实现生态功能恢复；以河湖亲水性为目标，实现社 会功能提升，并设计了具有针对性的多元功能拓展路径，以期为城市河湖湿地功能恢复及景观设计提供参考

Abstract:

Wetlands, as vital ecosystem components, constitute key ecological spaces and landscape components in urban areas. They provide critical ecological infrastructure and diverse ecosystem services for cities, making their restoration and protection an important aspect of socio-ecological practice. However, current restoration efforts for urban river and lake wetlands in China often prioritize engineering measures, while paying insufficient attention to the interactive relationship between humans and wetland systems. This has limited the full realization of their integrated socio-ecological benefits. The perspective of socio-ecological practice emphasizes the close interconnection between natural systems and human societies, offering a theoretical framework to address this challenge. Based on this perspective, this study systematically examines the status and experiences of river and lake wetland restoration both domestically and internationally, using Shanghai as a typical case study to construct pathways for enhancing the multiple functions of urban river and lake wetlands. The paper begins by identifying the characteristics of urban river and lake wetlands, highlighting their strong influence of human activities and the complex trade-offs and synergies among their ecosystem services. It further argues that successful restoration should follow a sequential logic - first securing environmental functions, consolidating ecological functions, and then expanding social functions - to achieve sustainable composite benefits. Through analysis of advanced international cases such as New York, Rotterdam, Tokyo, London, and Hong Kong, the study summarizes successful strategies and concepts in enhancing waterfront resilience, restoring natural ecology, and promoting social equity and public participation. Regarding Shanghai's river and lake wetland restoration, the study acknowledges that although urban water surface ratio has steadily increased, water quality has significantly improved, aquatic ecosystems have been gradually restored, and waterfront connectivity has achieved notable results in recent years, there remains considerable potential for functional enhancement. Key issues include inadequate hydrological connectivity, insufficient water clarity, limited biodiversity, and underdeveloped recreational and social functions. To address these gaps, the study proposes three key breakthrough strategies: improving environmental functions by focusing on water clarity, restoring ecological functions by prioritizing biodiversity, and enhancing social functions by strengthening waterfront accessibility. Accordingly, six targeted pathways for multifunctional enhancement are proposed: 1) implementing systematic improvement of water clarity through "point-line-plane" interventions; 2) carrying out ecological restoration aimed at biodiversity enhancement; 3) strengthening structural and functional resilience by optimizing longitudinal (water system) and lateral (riparian) connectivity; 4) promoting the transformation of waterfront spaces from "water-proximate" to "water-accessible", and from "water-edge" to "water-based", so as to upgrade social service functions; 5) facilitating the realization of ecological product value by leveraging vibrant waterfront spaces and hotspots of cultural ecosystem services; and 6) enhancing inter-departmental collaboration to holistically address functional trade-offs and achieve synergistic outcomes. These pathways are designed to provide references for the functional restoration and landscape design of urban river and lake wetlands. The research concludes that future restoration and management of urban river and lake wetlands should transcend a singular engineering-oriented approach and shift toward systematic, multi-functional integrated governance based on socio-ecological practice. By creating near-natural, resilient, and vibrant waterfront spaces, it is possible to achieve synergistic benefits between ecological conservation and restoration, and the improvement of human settlements, thereby providing solid support for high-quality sustainable urban development.