高密度城区生态网络精细化识别与构建框架——以西安中心城区为例

Fine-grained Identification and Construction Framework of Ecological Network in High-Density UrbanAreas: A Case Study of Xi'an Central Urban Area

关键词:  风景园林  生态网络  电路理论  形态学格局分析(MSPA)  存量更新  中心城区

Key words:  landscape architecture  ecological network  circuit theory  Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA)  urban renewal  central urban area

摘要:

构建城市生态网络对于高密度城区生态结构优化、生态系统服务绩效提升具有重要意义，是提质增效背景下城市可持续发展的关键途径。以西安为例， 提出高密度城区生态网络精细化识别与构建的整合性框架。在评估识别模块，组合MSPA-InVEST-Conefor模型遴选源地斑块，综合二维与三维阻力因子构建 阻力面，利用电路理论识别生态廊道与节点；在分析构建模块，针对潜在生态网络开展重要性分级、可落实性与建设潜力的多维度评估，进而提出弹性的多解方 案。结果表明：1)西安中心城区共识别源地斑块66个，遗址型绿地占比23.20%，体现出鲜明的地域特征；2)潜在生态廊道119条，42.7%为高建设潜力廊道， 分布在城市外围的源地斑块间，有待规划预留与管控，分布在城内的中、低建设潜力廊道可作为前瞻性结构指导城市更新；3)部分城市级绿带未识别或仅作为非 活跃廊道，当前未能有效发挥生态功能；4)底线、优选、理想的多解方案有助于在存量更新的长周期进程中整合与推进生态网络的实施。研究结果能够为城市生 态结构优化与可持续更新提供科学支撑

Abstract:

The construction of urban ecological networks plays a vital role in optimizing ecological structures and enhancing ecosystem service performance, particularly in high-density urban areas characterized by limited spatial resources and severe ecological fragmentation. It serves as a pathway toward achieving sustainable urban development under the current paradigm of quality and efficiency improvement. This study takes the central urban area of Xi'an, a typical high-density historical city in western China, as a representative case to explore fine-grained strategies for the identification and construction of urban ecological networks. We identify the core challenges in ecological network planning for densely developed urban cores and propose an integrated methodological framework supported by two main modules: "assessment and identification" and "analysis and construction". In the "assessment and identification" module, the study combines multiple models such as Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA), the InVEST habitat quality model, and Conefor connectivity analysis to identify ecological source patches. This multi-model approach captures both spatial morphology and ecological function, allowing for a robust delineation of core habitat patches. A composite ecological resistance surface is then developed by integrating two-dimensional resistance factors (land use, MSPA classification, NDVI, and habitat quality) with three-dimensional urban morphological factors (such as building height). This multidimensional resistance surface better reflects the real ecological movement costs within compact and complex urban landscapes. Based on circuit theory and using the Linkage Mapper tool, ecological corridors and critical nodes - including pinch points, barriers, and weak points - are identified to support connectivity analysis. The "analysis and construction" module involves a multi-dimensional evaluation of potential ecological networks, covering aspects such as structural importance, feasibility of implementation, and potential for ecological restoration. A graded classification system is employed to prioritize corridors and nodes, aligning ecological value with practical constraints. On this basis, the study proposes a set of flexible, multi-scenario implementation strategies categorized into three solution levels: baseline, optimized, and ideal. These are designed to accommodate phased development and long-term integration of ecological networks within the broader context of urban regeneration and land use restructuring. The results indicate that: 1) A total of 66 ecological source patches are identified in the central urban area of Xi'an, covering an area of 52.00 km2, which accounts for 5.46% of the study area. The overall distribution exhibits a spatial pattern of "scattered in the interior and connected in the exterior". There are 34 source patches located within the boundary of the central urban area, covering an area of 27.38 km2. Among these patches, heritage-type green spaces make up 23.30%, reflecting the city's distinctive regional characteristics. About half of the source patches are located along the boundary of the central urban area, mainly distributed along rivers. These patches are primarily riparian ecological parks, wetland parks, and remnants of forested land, which should be prioritized for protection in future planning. 2) A total of 119 potential ecological corridors are identified, with 42.70% having high construction potential, primarily located between source patches on the urban periphery. These corridors are crucial for future planning and should be protected through proactive reservation. Medium- and low-potential corridors in the urban interior can offer directional guidance for strategic urban renewal. 3) Some city-level linear parks, such as the city wall relics of Tang Dynasty green belt and the Xingfu forest belt, were either not identified or classified as inactive corridors in this study, indicating that they are currently not effectively performing ecological functions. 4) We developed three ecological network planning schemes - "baseline", "preferred", and "ideal" - to respond to different management needs and timeframes. The comparative analysis of these multi-scenario ecological network planning schemes aids in supporting planning decisions and helps integrate and advance the implementation of ecological networks during the long-term process of urban renewal. This study proposes a fine-grained identification and construction framework of ecological networks in high-density urban areas, aiming to provide scientific support for optimizing urban ecological structures and promoting sustainable urban renewal.