迈向数智化——数字景观发展与前沿议题

Towards Intelligent Digitalization: Development and Frontier Topics of Digital Landscape Architecture

关键词:  风景园林  数字景观  国际数字景观大会  人工智能  数智化

Key words:  landscape architecture  digital landscape architecture  digital landscape architecture conference  artificial intelligence  intelligent digitalization

摘要:

为了理解数字景观发展历程和规律，数字技术升级迭代对风景园林研究的影响、研究重点变化及原因，进而推演数智时代数字景观(DLA)发展趋势和前 沿议题，通过持续追踪国际数字景观大会(DLAC)2000年以来发表的813篇文献，并拓展Web of Science中相关重要文献，系统梳理了DLA发展历程。结果显 示，DLA发展经历了“孕育-兴起-快速拓展-数智赋能”4个阶段，表现出新兴数字技术不断更进设计范式、多模块技术不断集成、物理景观数智控制化、虚拟现 实界限模糊化的发展规律。最终，推演“数智景观”4个前沿议题。1)数智认知：多源数据与智能算法支持风景园林(LA)复杂性规律与机制挖掘；2)数智设计： 集成智能模型支持LA计算性、生成式设计与科学决策；3)数智体验：XR(extended reality)等多模态感知技术支持沉浸式空间设计创新与用户体验；4)数智治 理：数字孪生(DT)、人工智能物联网(AIOT)支持LA监测、建造、管理全智化系统架构。

Abstract:

Digital Landscape Architecture (DLA) is the product of integrating digital technologies with Landscape Architecture (LA), which has significantly advanced the scientific development of LA research and practice. With the continuous evolution of digital technologies, the scope and connotation of DLA have been steadily expanding. Since its inception in 1999, the International Digital Landscape Architecture Conference (DLAC) has been held for 24 consecutive years. It is the earliest-established, most international, and most influential academic event in the DLA field, with a strong record of continuity. Its proceedings and presentations collectively represent the cutting-edge research topics and evolving directions of DLA across different periods. By learning from the past to innovate for the future, this study aims to understand the developmental history of DLA, the impact of digital technology upgrades on LA research, changes in research focus and their reasons, and grasp the development trends and cuttingedge issues of DLA in the digital era. Through continuous tracking of DLAC, this research conducts a literature review based on 813 publications since the year 2000, and extends to related key literature in the Web of Science, systematically outlining the development process of DLA. The study identifies four key phases in the development of DLA: Incubation, Emergence, Rapid Expansion, and AI Empowerment. 1) The incubation phase (1960s-1999) traces back to the early development of computers and hardware technologies. This stage featured the emergence of computer graphics and CAD, McHarg's ecological planning ideas that led to the birth of GIS, and Sutherland's early vision of virtual reality. It was characterized by the dominance of digital thinking and foundational technological innovation. 2) The emergence phase (1999-2009) began with the inaugural DLAC in 1999, which brought together scholars from LA, geography, computer science, and related fields to explore the application of digital technologies in LA. During this period, tools such as CAD, GIS, and the Internet were used for digital landscape modeling, spatial analysis, and online collaboration, marking the initial establishment of the DLA field. 3) The rapid expansion phase (2009-2019) was driven by the rapid advancement of smart devices and IoT technologies. The widespread use of multi-source data and ubiquitous computing enabled the digitalization of the full lifecycle of LA, significantly broadening the application scenarios of DLA. 4) The AI empowerment phase (2019-present) has been marked by the rise of AI technologies, with ChatGPT triggering widespread public interest. The integration of IOT/IOE into AIOT, and the advancement of MR and XR technologies, have enhanced immersive experiences. AI techniques such as machine learning and deep learning have begun to influence the field of LA, pushing DLA toward a new stage of intelligent digital transformation. Throughout the evolution of DLA, several key development patterns have emerged: the continuous transformation of design paradigms driven by emerging digital technologies; the progressive integration of multi-module digital tools; the increasing digitization and intelligent control of physical landscapes; and the blurring boundaries between virtual and physical realities. Finally, the study extrapolates four frontier topics of "digital intelligence landscape": 1) Cognition through Digital Intelligence (DI): Support for LA complexity law and mechanism exploration through multi-source data and intelligent algorithms; 2) Design through DI: Integrated intelligent models support LA computational, generative design, and scientific decision-making; 3) Experience through DI: XR (extended reality) and other multi-modal perception technologies support immersive spatial design innovation and user experience; 4) Govern through DI: DT and AIOT support an allintelligent system architecture for LA monitoring, construction, and management.