复杂地理环境下乡村人居特色场景：理论构建、空间分异、组织逻辑——基于高原 湖泊洱海地区的多尺度实证研究

Rural Human Settlement Landscapes in Complex Geographic Environments: Theoretical Construction, Spatial Differentiation, and Organizational Logic: A Multiscale Empirical Study in the Erhai Plateau Lake Basin

关键词:  风景园林  乡村人居  特色场景  理论建构  组织逻辑  复杂地理环境

Key words:  landscape architecture  rural human settlement  distinctive landscape  theoretical construction  organizational logic  complex geographic environment

摘要:

乡村人居特色场景是人与自然在特定地域环境下所形成的独特地域性文化景观，也是乡村聚落的核心基因和文脉灵魂。基于空间生产理论，建构提出 “自然基底-文化形塑-社会组织”三维协同的环洱海地区乡村人居特色场景解析框架，剖析了该地区乡村人居特色场景空间分异特征及内在组织逻辑。研究显 示：1)在自然适应方面，乡村聚落遵循“山地立相、水系定脉、田畴织网”的空间组织逻辑；2)在文化形塑方面，以“圣俗拓扑空间”为介质，实现山脊圣域、 滨水圣所与街巷圣殿的空间组织形态；3)在社会组织方面，表现出多民族垂直分布与多元互嵌的社会空间网络。本研究揭示了复杂地理环境下乡村人居特色场景 “相地而生、圣俗共生、集体行动”的内在组织机制。

Abstract:

Rural human settlement landscapes, representing distinctive regional cultural formations forged through sustained human-nature symbiosis within specific geographical contexts, constitute the core genetic identity and enduring cultural essence of rural settlements. Grounded in spatial production theory, this study advances a tripartite analytical framework - Natural Foundation, Cultural Shaping, and Social Organization - to systematically decipher the spatial differentiation characteristics and intrinsic organizational logic of these landscapes within the Erhai Basin. Empirical findings demonstrate that settlements negotiate natural constraints through a fundamental spatial logic characterized by mountain-defined silhouettes for landform integration, waternetwork-defined arteries establishing hydrological structure, and field-woven networks organizing agricultural land use. Culturally, these landscapes are actively configured through a sacred-secular topological mediation, materializing spatially as mountain-ridge sanctuaries demarcating sacred peaks, waterfront sacred sites anchoring lakeside sanctity, and lane-and-alley shrines embedding worship within everyday fabric. Socially, settlements exhibit a pronounced multi-ethnic altitudinal distribution pattern alongside a diversely embedded socio-spatial network reflecting complex intergroup dynamics. Consequently, this integrated analysis reveals three fundamental organizational mechanisms underpinning rural settlement landscapes in complex geographic environments: landform-responsive emergence driven by site-specific adaptation, sacredsecular symbiosis manifesting ritual-spatial coexistence, and collective action enabling community-driven stewardship.