风景园林40年的科技进步

Four Decades of Technological Advancement in Landscape Architecture

关键词:  风景园林  科学与艺术  风景园林生态技术  可持续景观技术  数字景观技术

Key words:  landscape architecture  science and art  landscape ecotechnology  sustainable landscape technology  digital landscape technology

摘要:

过去40年是风景园林学科从“艺术的科学”向“科学的艺术”深刻转型的关键时期。在此过程中，技术作为科学与艺术的中介，发挥着至关重要的纽 带与介质作用。随着科研教学与实践的发展，风景园林专业技术不断进步，其中风景园林生态技术、可持续景观技术与数字景观技术尤为突出，推动风景园林学 科从传统的经验型工程专业转向基于规律的技术科学。科技进步深刻地重塑了风景园林学科的认识论、方法论与本体论，推动了风景园林事业向着科学化、专业 化、系统化的成熟方向发展。

Abstract:

Chinese Landscape Architecture has systematically documented four decades of rapid advancement in the field of landscape architecture. Its publication of over ten thousand articles comprehensively reflects the scientific progress achieved within this discipline over the past forty years. Correspondingly, landscape architecture has undergone a profound transformation from an "art of science" to a "science of art". This shift reflects not only the discipline's evolving academic logic but also its close connection to broader socio-technical contexts. Amidst intensifying globalisation, urbanisation, and environmental challenges, landscape architecture must forge a new equilibrium between artistic expression and scientific methodology. This shift highlights technology's pivotal role as an intermediary, enabling the discipline to maintain aesthetic integrity while responding more rigorously and systematically to complex socio-ecological issues. In this process, technology has progressively become the bridge and medium connecting science and art within landscape architecture. Technology is not merely an instrument for engineering implementation but a mode of thinking that connects theory with practice, abstraction with concreteness. Through technological integration, landscape architecture can translate scientific objectivity and artistic subjectivity into perceptible environmental language via systematic operational logic. This transformation is not a simple mechanical superposition but resembles the organic restructuring of a living organism. As new technological tools continually emerge, they propel the discipline beyond traditional paradigms, forming a more comprehensive system of research and practice. Through advances in research, education, and professional practice, landscape architecture techniques have achieved significant breakthroughs, notably in landscape ecotechnology, sustainable landscape technology, and digital landscape technology. Landscape ecotechnology addresses large-scale landscape environmental issues aligned with landscape ecology, while at smaller scales it examines human-ecological landscape characteristics, exploring the intrinsic relationships structuring human ecological environments. Sustainable landscape technology propels the field from reactive remediation towards preventative management, and from extensive construction and management towards efficient control. Digital landscape technology, through data collection, process analysis, solution simulation, digital construction, and performance monitoring, directly addresses the objective patterns of change in the human environment. These three technological directions collectively drive landscape architecture's transformation from a traditional, experience-based engineering discipline into a technical science grounded in scientific principles. Technological advancement has not only broadened the technical pathways of landscape architecture but also profoundly reshaped the discipline's epistemology, methodology, and ontology. At the epistemological level, the discipline's approach to understanding its subject matter has shifted from static to dynamic, its depth of understanding from phenomena to mechanisms, and its paradigm from intuitive to rational. Methodologically, technological evolution has elevated landscape architecture's methodology from fragmented experience to a specialised knowledge system, manifesting in comprehensive innovations in design logic, decision-making foundations, and process control. At the ontological level, the evolution of professional techniques has deepened disciplinary understanding, reconfigured professional ontology, reshaped the systemic perspective of landscape architecture, and fostered the coordinated development of the discipline's core and periphery, systems, and elements. This has liberated the field from its reliance on conventional thinking and methodologies borrowed from other disciplines. These transformations have matured the discipline's knowledge system and laid a solid foundation for landscape architecture to meet future challenges. Ultimately, the scientific, professional, and systematic advancement of landscape architecture has become increasingly pronounced. This manifests not only in the application and innovation of technical tools, but more significantly in the discipline's internal structural transformation and the reconstruction of its knowledge logic. While inheriting artistic traditions, landscape architecture has progressively established rigorous scientific foundations, organically integrating both to forge distinctive disciplinary strengths. As this process deepens, the profession of landscape architecture will steadily mature.