国家公园与自然保护地研究综述——《中国园林》(1985—2024年)

Review of Research on National Parks and Protected Areas: Chinese Landscape Architecture, 1985-2024

关键词:  风景园林  《中国园林》  自然保护地  国家公园  风景名胜区  世界遗产

Key words:  landscape architecture  Chinese Landscape Architecture  protected area  national park  scenic and historic area  world heritage

摘要:

对1985—2024年在《中国园林》上发表的国家公园与自然保护地领域的文章进行文献计量分析，梳理《中国园林》在该领域的研究内容，分析研究 影响力，划分研究阶段，总结研究贡献。结果表明，国家公园与自然保护地是《中国园林》的重要研究领域之一，截至2024年，该领域文章占期刊发文总量的 6.59%。《中国园林》在文章数量和高被引文章数量两方面均在该领域呈现出重要影响力。《中国园林》在该领域的研究可分为2个阶段：1985—2013年为以 风景名胜区为核心的第一阶段，2014—2024年为以国家公园为核心的第二阶段。《中国园林》长期致力于推动中国自然文化遗产的理论研究和保护实践，及时 剖析自然保护地规划、管理、保护和利用中的实践问题，前瞻性研判、响应并推动相关政策制定，持续探索前沿议题，为国家公园与自然保护地建设提供了重要 学术支撑。为推动《中国园林》和中国风景园林学科共同体进一步开展国家公园与自然保护地领域的研究，提出深化危机认知、凝聚保护共识等4项建议。

Abstract:

This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of articles published in Chinese Landscape Architecture from 1985 to 2024 in the field of national parks and protected areas. It systematically examines the journal's research contents in this domain, analyzes its research impact, delineates research stages, and summarizes research contributions. The results indicate that national parks and protected areas constitute one of the key research focuses of Chinese Landscape Architecture. As of 2024, articles in this field account for 6.59% of the journal's total publications. The articles published in Chinese Landscape Architecture in the field of national parks and protected areas can be subdivided into 11 research objects. Articles focusing on scenic and historic area hold an absolute dominant position, with a total of 289 articles, accounting for 44.53% of the total number of articles. Next comes national parks, with 115 related articles, accounting for 17.72%. Other important research subjects and their proportions are as follows: world heritage (10.63%), nature reserves (7.70%), and biodiversity conservation (4.00%). Chinese Landscape Architecture holds significant influence in this research area, both in terms of article quantity and the number of highly cited articles. Research in this field within the journal can be divided into two stages: the first stage (1985-2013), centered on scenic and historic areas, and the second stage (2014-2024), focused on national parks. In the first stage, a total of 330 articles in this field were published in Chinese Landscape Architecture. The majority of these articles focused on scenic and historic areas, totaling 219 articles, accounting for 66.36% of all the articles. At this stage, articles published by Chinese Landscape Architecture systematically outlined the theoretical framework for the conservation and utilization of scenic and historic areas. By revealing problems, it guided the industry to face up to contradictions, and through continuous academic speculation, accumulated experience, and calibrated direction for the industry, thus facilitating the steady progress of the scenic and historic area cause. It also provided experience for the subsequent construction of the national park system and the reform of the protected area system in China. Among the 319 articles published in the second stage, the largest number of articles focused on national parks, reaching 89, accounting for 27.90%, indicating a shift in the research core from scenic and historic areas to national parks. At this stage, Chinese Landscape Architecture has made forward-looking judgments on the development trends of national parks in China. It has focused on the direction of institutional construction and system reform at an early stage, continuously supported the publication of timely research results, and effectively promoted and even led the formulation and implementation of relevant policies. Chinese Landscape Architecture promotes theoretical research and conservation practice of China's natural and cultural heritage, promptly analyzes practical issues in the planning, management, conservation and utilization of protected areas, presciently predicts, responds to and promotes the formulation of relevant policies, continuously explores cuttingedge topics, and provides important academic support for the construction of national parks and protected areas. The study proposes four recommendations for Chinese Landscape Architecture and the landscape architecture academic community in China to advance research on national parks and protected areas, including deepening the understanding of the crisis and consolidating conservation consensus, strengthening the research foundation and building a solid theory, expanding the research perspective and strengthening the macro layout, accelerating technological innovation and achieving research breakthroughs.