近郊乡村绿道活力的测度及其环境影响因素研究——以杭州兰里绿道为例

Measurements and Environmental Factors of the Vitality of Rural Greenways in Suburban Areas: ACase Study of the Rural Greenway in Lanli Scenic Area in Hangzhou

关键词:  风景园林  近郊  乡村绿道  活力测度  环境影响因素  杭州兰里景区

Key words:  landscape architecture  suburban area  rural greenways  vitality measurement  environmental influencing factor  Lanli Scenic Area in Hangzhou

摘要:

绿道的连接性和多功能性对多元混杂发展的近郊乡村的秩序构建具有重要意义，但近郊乡村绿道普遍存在活力欠缺或分布不均等问题，定量判别近郊乡 村绿道的空间使用情况及其环境影响因素是解决这一问题的前提。以杭州市兰里绿道为例，建立包含“密度、稳度、人群混合度、活动混合度”4个层面的绿道活 力测度方法及环境要素指标体系，据此探讨活力空间分布特征，并经相关分析与回归分析得到绿道活力的环境因子与影响程度差异。结果表明：1)绿道综合活力水 平伴随环境的可游憩度和交通便捷度表现为“公园绿地＞交通干道和聚居点＞农田和工厂”的依次降低顺序；2)绿道环境对活力的影响总体表现为“绿道本体＞绿 道周边＞绿道可达性”的程度差异。其中，标识设施、“农艺”空间、景观游憩与环卫设施及硬质场所等环境因子对活力影响较为显著，反映出近郊乡村绿道使 用的特殊性。最终提出结合社区生活完善绿道设施与网络、结合产业布局转变绿道周边空间用途等建设策略。

Abstract:

In the context of the continuous advancement of urbanization, the order of suburban villages is becoming increasingly diverse and complex. Under these circumstances, the connectivity and multifunctionality of suburban rural greenways are of significant importance for reconstructing the order of villages. However, there is a prevalent issue of low usage rates and lack of vitality in suburban rural greenways, which has become the primary problem that needs to be addressed in the context of greenway construction moving towards refinement and quality improvement. Therefore, under this background, quantitatively analyzing the spatial usage of suburban rural greenways and their environmental influencing factors is an important prerequisite for solving this problem. Firstly, based on a review of relevant literature, this article extracts the unique characteristics of suburban rural greenways in terms of mixed environmental composition and diverse user groups. Secondly, taking the Lanli Scenic Area Greenway in the suburbs of Hangzhou as a research case, a vitality index system based on four dimensions of "vitality density, vitality stability, population mixing, and activity mixing" was constructed, as well as an environmental element index system based on three levels of "greenway itself, greenway accessibility, and greenway surrounding environment", with a total of six primary indicators and 23 secondary indicators. And obtain the above data through field research and network data crawling. Again, regarding the vitality data, the spatial distribution characteristics of greenway vitality are explored using mathematical formulas, the natural breakpoint method, and the radar chart based on overlay analysis. For environmental data, methods such as image semantic segmentation, spatial syntactic line segment model, Shannon diversity index, etc. are used to calculate the spatial interface indicators of greenways, the integration and selection degree of greenways, the richness of greenway facilities, and the mixing degree of surrounding land. Finally, in the stage of correlation analysis between vitality data and environmental data, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression methods were used to explore the environmental impact factors and their degree differences of vitality in each dimension. The research results indicate that: 1) With the changes in environmental recreational and transportation convenience, the comprehensive vitality level of suburban greenways shows a decreasing order of "park green space > traffic arteries and settlements > farmland and factories". 2) The greenway environment has an impact on greenway vitality, and the overall degree of impact shows a descending order of "greenway itself > greenway surroundings > greenway accessibility". In addition, it specifically reflects the following peculiarities in the use of greenways in suburban rural areas, such as, 1) the high demand for greenway signage facilities due to the vast area of the village and the relatively scattered spatial interest points; 2) The function of "agricultural art research" which conforms to the rural property is superimposed on the greenway space, which promotes the stability of use; 3) the diversification of greenway users relies on the richness of landscape recreational facilities; 4) the diversification of activity types and the integration of user entities require a certain number of greenway sanitation and commercial facilities, as well as small hard spaces. Based on the analysis results, this study proposes a suburban rural greenway construction strategy guided by vitality enhancement, focusing on the deep activation of greenway environmental resources. For example, improving greenway facilities and networks in conjunction with community life, and transforming the use of greenway surrounding space in conjunction with industrial layout. To effectively address the increasingly complex demands for the use of suburban greenways, it is necessary to further explore the development potential and organizational models of greenway environments in mixed states in the future.