英国运河工业遗产廊道治理转型的经验及启示

The Experience and Enlightenment of the Governance Transformation of the British Canal IndustrialHeritage Corridor

关键词:  风景园林  运河工业遗产廊道  治理转型  政策演进  创新模式  英国

Key words:  landscape architecture  canal industrial heritage corridor  governance transformation  policy development  innovation model  United Kingdom

摘要:

在当前生态文明建设与高质量发展的战略背景下，运河工业遗产廊道作为承载着独特文化与生态价值的线性景观，其可持续再生与活化成为亟待解决的 重大课题。聚焦工业遗产保护先行者英国的实践经验，在厘清相关术语和理念源流的基础上，从政策演进视角系统梳理英国运河工业遗产廊道的治理理念、政策 工具及典型案例的转型历程。研究显示，英国已形成智慧治理、协同治理、社区治理、设计治理与教育治理5个维度的创新模式。立足中国国情进行解读与转化， 为我国以大运河为代表的遗产廊道治理提出4点建议：构建以福祉为导向的价值评估体系、健全多层级协同治理的制度框架、创新多元主体参与的实施机制、强化 少儿青年为重点的文化传承教育体系。

Abstract:

Under the strategic backdrop of ecological civilization construction and high-quality development, the sustainable regeneration and revitalization of canal industrial heritage corridors, as linear landscapes carrying unique cultural and ecological values, has become a critical issue requiring resolution. This research explores governance models for canal industrial heritage corridors, focusing on the UK's experience and its implications for China. Through analysis of policy evolution, governance frameworks, and implementation strategies, the study identifies effective approaches for sustainable heritage corridor management. Canal industrial heritage corridors, as products integrating industrial heritage protection with linear cultural landscapes, reflect industrial development processes and socioeconomic evolution along historical canal routes, revealing the genealogical logic of industrial landscapes at the watershed scale. The UK, as the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution and pioneer in industrial heritage protection, once possessed a canal network spanning 7,730 kilometers across urban and rural areas, developing sophisticated governance mechanisms through seventy years of practice. This paper systematically examines the evolutionary trajectory of UK canal industrial heritage corridor governance policies, from rise and decline to heritage protection awakening, protection system construction, and comprehensive governance transformation, presenting the transition from transportation-centered management to comprehensive heritage protection. The 2012 establishment of the Canal & River Trust (CRT) as an independent charitable organization marked a significant milestone in governance transformation. The research identifies five key dimensions of the UK's governance transformation: 1) intelligent governance utilizing wellbeing assessment frameworks to evaluate heritage corridors' comprehensive impact on communities; 2) collaborative governance integrating multiple stakeholders including government agencies, specialized institutions, and community organizations, forming vertical governance from central-regional-local levels and horizontal collaborative patterns with participation from government, enterprises, academia and society based on polycentric governance theory; 3) community governance empowering local participation through community adoption mechanisms and volunteer programs, establishing a 5-level participation ladder from awareness to action based on participation ladder theory; 4) design governance based on landscape urbanism theory, emphasizing the integration of blue-green spaces into urban-rural public space networks, enhancing accessibility and permeability, and providing holistic health and pedestrian-priority design concepts for diverse user groups; 5) educational governance shifting toward community-based learning activities, promoting cultural inheritance through targeted courses developed for different age groups. Based on analysis of the UK experience, the research emphasizes four important implications for China's heritage corridor governance: 1) expanding value concepts and constructing a localized wellbeing assessment system integrating Chinese traditional culture with sustainable development goals, quantifying the comprehensive contribution of corridors' multiple values through smart monitoring means and "value translation" methods; 2) improving top-level design by establishing national administrative regulations, creating management institutions with clear responsibilities at the national level, building cross-departmental coordination mechanisms, and promoting localized community participation and volunteer services; 3) innovating implementation pathways by establishing central and local special funds, guiding funding diversification with reference to the UK Heritage Lottery Fund model, and establishing Chinese characteristic certification awards and scientifically standardized certification systems; 4) emphasizing cultural inheritance by incorporating canal culture into the national education system, building cultural inheritance bases, developing study travel routes, and attracting younger generations through new media and digital representation to cultivate a new generation of cultural inheritors. These research findings provide theoretical and practical guidance for balancing heritage protection, social cohesion, ecological restoration, and economic prosperity in China's cultural heritage corridor governance, helping to balance protection and development relationships, enhance heritage corridors' contribution to national wellbeing and cultural inheritance, promote urban-rural spatial quality improvement and regional coordinated development, and achieve strategic goals of ecological civilization construction and high-quality development.