屋顶花园生物多样性感知对大学师生情绪福祉的影响——以同济大学为例

The Impact of Rooftop Garden Biodiversity Perception on the Emotional Well-being of UniversityFaculty and Students: A Case Study of Tongji University

关键词:  风景园林  情绪调节  绿色微休息  感知生物多样性  屋顶花园  微绿地

Key words:  landscape architecture  emotional regulation  green micro-break  perceived biodiversity  roof garden  micro-green space

摘要:

高校师生常面临焦虑、紧张和抑郁等情绪问题的挑战。目前的研究主要关注校园整体绿色环境对人群情绪的调节作用，对于小微绿地的研究相对不足。 作为校园绿色空间的一种特殊形式，屋顶花园在促进师生情绪健康改善方面具有巨大的潜力。以同济大学运筹楼屋顶梦想花园为研究对象，以感知生物多样性为 切入点，尝试构建了高校屋顶花园中感知物种丰富度对师生情绪福祉影响的结构方程模型。结果显示：1)屋顶花园的植物类感知物种丰富度直接影响师生情绪效 价，且恢复性感知介导了该作用，而动物类感知物种丰富度则对情绪效价没有直接影响；2)对生物多样性的了解程度不会改变感知物种丰富度对情绪调节的积极 作用；3)开花植物和植物色彩是影响屋顶花园植物类感知物种丰富度的关键因素，而昆虫丰富度是影响动物类感知多样性的关键因素。旨在为校园绿色空间的生 物多样性设计与管理提供有益的参考，助力构建促进校园社区心理健康与福祉的高品质环境。

Abstract:

University faculty and students often face significant pressures stemming from academics, employment, research, and social interactions, which can lead to mental fatigue and emotional health challenges such as anxiety, stress, and depression. In this context, the positive impact of campus green spaces on mental health has gained increasing attention. Emotions, as a key indicator of mental well-being, play a critical role in overall health. While numerous empirical studies have examined the emotional regulation effects of campus green spaces, most focus on their overall environmental characteristics, perceived features, landscape types, or usage patterns—highlighting benefits such as enhancing restorative perception, alleviating negative emotions, and improving quality of life. However, the role of biodiversity in small-scale campus green spaces, particularly rooftop gardens as a unique form of green infrastructure, remains underexplored. This study takes the rooftop garden "Dream Garden" at Tongji University as a case to investigate how campus green spaces influence the emotional well-being of faculty and students from the perspective of perceived biodiversity. Designed and constructed collaboratively by faculty and students, the "Dream Garden" serves as a multifunctional outdoor teaching space that integrates ecological, educational, and therapeutic functions. With an area of approximately 755 m2, the garden features seven distinct sub-gardens with nearly 90 plant species, as well as biodiversity-friendly features such as insect hotels and birdhouses. To assess the garden's impact, a structured questionnaire was distributed to 203 participants, with 187 valid responses collected. The survey measured perceived species richness (plants and animals), restorative perception, and emotional valence before and after visiting the garden. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze direct, indirect, and moderating effects based on three hypotheses: 1) perceived species richness positively influences emotional well-being; 2) restorative perception mediates the relationship between perceived species richness and emotional well-being; and 3) biodiversity knowledge moderates these relationships. The findings reveal that the perceived richness of plant species directly and positively influences emotional well-being and also exerts an indirect effect through restorative perception. In contrast, the perceived richness of animal species influences emotional well-being only indirectly through restorative perception. Interestingly, the level of knowledge about biodiversity does not significantly alter the positive effects of perceived species richness on emotional well-being. Key factors enhancing biodiversity perception include the ornamental features of plant landscapes, such as flowering plants and plant color, as well as insect richness. Participants reported significantly improved emotional states after visiting the garden, with increased positive emotions such as relaxation and satisfaction, and reduced negative emotions such as anxiety and tension. These results underscore the importance of perceived biodiversity in campus rooftop gardens as a contributor to the emotional well-being of faculty and students. To maximize the benefits of campus green spaces, the study recommends optimizing the ecological and landscape design by increasing the variety of colorful flowering plants, introducing insect-friendly facilities, and implementing long-term biodiversity monitoring and management measures. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and management of biodiverse campus green spaces, contributing to the development of high-quality environments that support the mental health and well-being of university communities