可供性视角下大学老校区公共空间评价与更新设计指引 ——以上海交通大学徐汇校区为例

Evaluation and Renewal Design Guideline for Public Spaces in Old University Campuses from thePerspective of Affordance: A Case Study on Xuhui Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

关键词:  风景园林  大学老校区公共空间  可供性  更新设计指引  上海交通大学徐汇校区

Key words:  landscape architecture  public space in old university campus  affordance  renewal design guideline  Xuhui campus of Shanghai Jiao Tong University

摘要:

基于可供性视角，探究高密度城市中心区大学老校区公共空间中环境与使用者的交互关系。依据“被发现”“被使用”“被认同”的可供性交互逻辑， 综合大学老校区的环境和使用人群特征，构建起感知可供性、功能可供性、社会文化可供性三大维度的大学老校区公共空间可供性评价体系。进而通过上海交通 大学徐汇校区的公共空间可供性测度，剖析现状空间在感知潜力、功能承载、社会文化展现度三方面存在的可供性问题，进一步构建起大学老校区公共空间更新 规划路径、提出3类更新规划策略和对应的9类更新空间类型，并对上海交大徐汇校区公共空间体系进行类型化重构，针对3类典型的规划场景提出分级更新设计 指引，打通了可供性评价结果到更新规划实践的最后一公里。为校城融合互动、大学老校区公共空间高质量可持续发展提供有益借鉴。

Abstract:

In the context of the integrated development of universities and cities, old university campuses located in high-density urban centers are assuming more and more diversified functions. Current research on the public spaces of old university campuses mainly focuses on the characteristics of public spaces and the behavior of users, with less attention paid to the close interaction between the environment and human behavior. However, a good human-environment interaction relationship is an important goal and vision for the high-quality development of old university campuses in the new era. Affordance, as a mediating concept proposed in the field of ecological psychology, provides new insights for establishing a relationship between the environment and its users. The theory of human-environment interaction emphasized in affordance research is equally applicable in the field of landscape architecture. It provides a foundation for the comprehensive evaluation and renewal planning of public spaces in old university campuses, which are characterized by diverse space types, a wide range of user groups, and a strong need for integration through human-environment interaction. From the perspective of affordance, this study explores the interaction between the environment and users in the public spaces of old university campuses located in high-density urban centers. Based on the interactive logic of "being found", "being used", and "being recognized", affordance is divided into three major dimensions: Perceived Affordance, Functional Affordance, and Sociocultural Affordance. From the perspectives of subjectivity and objectivity, time and space, as well as tangible and intangible aspects, secondary indicators are further selected to construct an evaluation index system for the affordance of public spaces in old university campuses, consisting of 8 factors across the 3 dimensions. This study further evaluates the affordance of public spaces on Xuhui campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. In the comprehensive affordance evaluation level, there are 5 unqualified sites, 8 good sites, and 5 excellent sites in the research sample, showing the spatial distribution characteristic of "higher affordance in the east and lower affordance in the west". The central lawn of the campus and the surrounding sites demonstrate good affordance, while the green spaces around teaching buildings in the west, living areas, and campus entrances and exits have unqualified comprehensive evaluation levels of affordance. Based on the results of the affordance evaluation, the existing affordance issues in the current space in terms of perceived potential, functionality, and socio-cultural presentation are analyzed as follows: 1) Insufficient potential mining of existing spaces and a lack of unique landscape creation significantly impact perceived affordance. 2) The singularity of social activities and the low stability of spatial vitality affect functional affordance. 3) The insufficient narrativity of the cultural tourism route and the inadequate cultural display impact socio-cultural affordance. This paper further explores a planning path for the renewal of public spaces in old university campuses. It proposes three types of renewal planning strategies, including strategies for enhancing perceived affordance, activating functional affordance, and improving socio-cultural affordance. Additionally, nine types of renewal spaces are identified and categorized as follows: space for tidal flow, potential spaces, characteristic spaces; composite spaces, spaces for encounter, centripetal spaces; cultural spaces, spaces for exhibition, and spaces for scientific research. These strategies and space types are applied to the renewal planning practice of the public spaces on the Xuhui campus. The plan undertakes a typological restructuring of the campus public space system, excavating existing green spaces around dormitory areas and teaching buildings to create distinctive and ecological campus living spaces. Cultural tree-lined avenues and garden promenades are set along pedestrian paths to enhance perceived and functional affordance. Focusing on the central lawn and the patriotism-themed route, a narrative campus cultural display route is developed to improve the socio-cultural affordance of Xuhui campus. The plan proposes three types of planning scenarios of hierarchical renewal design guidelines, effectively bridging the gap between affordance evaluation results and renewal planning practice. This study provides a valuable reference for the integration and interaction between universities and cities, as well as the high-quality and sustainable development of public spaces in old university campuses.