窗景与人体健康的研究进展：核心内容、关键问题及展望

Window View and Human Health Research Progress: Core Contents, Key Issues, and Prospects

关键词:  风景园林  窗景  人体健康  影响机制  研究框架

Key words:  landscape architecture  window view  human health  impact mechanism  research framework

摘要:

：窗景是长期身处室内的人群接触外部空间的重要载体。随着城市化进程的不断推进，窗景对人体健康的积极价值愈发重要。虽然关于窗景与健康的研究 日渐增加，但该领域的研究进展尚未得到系统梳理，其核心内容有待明确，关键问题需被提出。基于中英文重要数据库中的109篇高相关度文献，从研究数量、 主题、地域、内容分析了窗景与人体健康领域的研究进展。其中窗景领域的研究进展呈现出以下态势：1)研究数量呈上升趋势；2)研究主题呈现多样性；3)研究 地域具有潜在全球性趋势；4)研究内容不断深入。通过梳理研究进展，认为窗景要素的影响机制是当前研究的核心内容，通过凝练窗景主客体要素的构成关系， 围绕景物要素、建筑物要素、人物要素3个维度对影响机制的相关研究进行评述，并对各要素所涉及的具体影响因素进行整理归纳。随后在“窗景与人体健康”的 核心命题下，提出研究框架和5类关键问题，包括窗景景观特征要素构成研究；窗景健康效益的群体性研究；窗景影响人体健康的系统路径研究；窗景与健康的跨 尺度研究；健康导向的窗景规划设计策略研究。以期为后续研究和实践提供参考，并围绕学科交叉、人群适应、应用融合等层面提出面向未来的研究展望。

Abstract:

Window view is an important way for people staying indoors for a long time to access the outside space. In the background of the continuous advancement of urbanization, the value of its positive influence on human health has become more and more prominent. With the increase of time spent indoors by urban residents, the window view has become a key way to connect the indoor and outdoor environments and introduce natural elements, which is potentially important for relieving psychological stress, improving emotional state, and enhancing physical and mental health. Despite the progress of research on the window view and health in recent years, the research in this field has not yet been systematically sorted out, its core research content is still unclear, and the key scientific issues still need to be further studied and explored. Based on this, this paper searches important Chinese and English databases (these databases include Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure), screens out 109 highly relevant literature, and systematically analyzes the number of researches, topics, geographic distribution, and contents of the research progress in the field of window view and human health. It was found that the research in the field of the window view showed the following development trends: 1) the number of studies showed an upward trend, and the number of publications in the field of the window view began to increase significantly after 2019. 2) the research themes showed diversity, with performance, recovery, performance, recovery, health and other research themes have attracted much attention. 3) the research territory has a potential global trend, and there is already closer cooperation between some developed countries. 4) the research content is constantly deepening, mainly centered on the health benefits and impact mechanisms, but the attention to the practical application is more limited. This paper further proposes that the impact mechanism of the window view elements is the core content of the current research. By condensing the compositional relationship between the subject and object elements of the window view, from the three dimensions of scenic elements (e.g., scenic distance, dynamic features, horizontal laminar structure, glare, etc.), building elements (e.g., window-to-wall ratio, windowto- ground ratio, window shape, window orientation, window area, window additions, etc.), and human elements (e.g., window distance, horizontal window view, vertical window view, point-of-view elevation, sight line direction, and the human character, etc.), the impact of the window view on human health can be investigated and analyzed, a systematic review of the mechanisms by which window views affect human health was conducted. Subsequently, under the core proposition of window view and human health, we put forward a research framework and five types of key issues, including: 1) research on the composition of the characteristic elements of window view, including the composition and interconnectivity of the characteristic elements of the window view, and the benefits of the composition of the characteristic elements on mental and physical health. 2) group research on the health benefits of the window view, including systemic issues such as the needs, preferences, perceptions, and benefits of different groups regarding the window view. 3) research on the systematic path of the window view affecting human health, which needs to further excavate the potential impact factors and gradually reveal the systematic impact mechanism of the process based on the evaluation method of cross-disciplines. 4) Crossscala research on the window view and health, which involves multi-scale window view and human health perception and benefits, cross-scalar correlation of window view features affecting health, etc. 5) Health-oriented window view planning and design strategy research, which involves health-oriented window view planning and design strategy, optimization and enhancement strategy of window view integrating health needs, etc. Finally, this paper puts forward the future research prospects from the three levels of discipline intersection, population adaptability, and application integration. It is suggested to strengthen multidisciplinary empirical research, promote the deep integration of theory and design practice, and provide scientific basis and practical guidance for the optimization of health-oriented human environment. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic reference for subsequent research in the field of the window view and human health and to provide theoretical support for related planning, design, and policy making.