三峡城市滨江景观韧性规划途径探索

Research on Resilient Planning Approaches of Urban Riverside Landscape in the Three Gorges Area

关键词:  风景园林  三峡  滨江景观  韧性机制  规划导控

Key words:  landscape architecture  the Three Gorges  riverside landscape  resilience mechanism  planning regulation

摘要:

：三峡库区城市滨江景观建设是提高库区生态服务能力、维系三峡枢纽工程平稳运行的重要基础和保障。面对三峡库区日趋严峻的洪涝灾害形势，针对 防洪体系单一、承洪廊道侵蚀、适洪能力不足3个问题进行分析，剖解三峡库区城市滨江景观承洪难题；运用韧性城市“抵抗-恢复-适应”理论内涵，提出多中 心景观模式、蓝绿协同网络和自然景观空间多层级交互作用的滨江景观韧性规划机制，建构岸线适洪体系；依据三峡库区城市滨江景观案例考察，提出韧性规划 策略，包括原生水文地貌主导分区适洪规划、边缘效应重塑蓝绿协同网络，以及空间景观适应水文变化规律3个层面，以落实滨江景观韧性规划机制。韧性理念 指导下的滨江景观规划与建设旨在通过对洪水灾害的适应与调整，实现从抵御到共生的思维转变，有助于三峡库区人居环境应变适灾效能的提升，在地域性韧性 理论思考中实现景观研究的科学与实践价值

Abstract:

The urban riverside landscape construction in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is both an important foundation and guarantee of improving the reservoir's ecological service capacity and maintaining the Three Gorges Project's stable operation. Facing the reservoir's increasing flood disasters, this paper analyzes the flood protection situation of the riverside landscape by disclosing problems in three aspects of the single flood control system, eroded flood corridors, and insufficient flood adaptability. The single flood control system manifests as that the concrete dam can't resist excessive floods without natural green land adjustment. On the other side, the artificial construction has eroded original flood drainage byways, causing short-term precipitation to form runoff extremely easily. In addition, hard riverfronts which are levees and hydro-fluctuation belts lack adaptability to complex and variable hydrologic conditions in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Based on these urgent problems, the research points out that the resilience theory is quite applicative for the Three Gorges' riverside landscape planning and construction. Therefore, it conducts a detailed review of existing resilience theories and extracts the resilience process into three stages including resistance, recovery, and adaptation. Resistance means the system can eliminate interference through its own diversity advantages. Recovery is to reorganize systemic structure on the foundation of redundant elements. Adaptation implies creating new solutions to massive interference through solving previous small interferences. According to these basic processes, the riverside landscape resilient planning principles can be summarized as diversity, cooperativity, and adaptation, along with specific planning mechanisms such as the multi-center landscape model, river-greenbelts' collaborative network, and natural landscape space. Through these multi-level interactions of landscape elements, the planning can effectively construct the riverfront flood protection system and realize the targeted adjustment to the local hydrology condition. To verify the theoretical mechanisms, the thesis takes a thorough investigation of the urban riverside landscape practices in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Then it points out resilient planning strategies to carry out the above mechanisms, including using original hydrological landform to make zoning flood-adaptive plans, taking advantage of the edge effect to rebuild the river-greenbelt network, and making spatial landscape to adapt to hydrological changes. In categories, the research puts forward that the planning should protect original hydro-landforms in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, construct multi-centered natural wetlands to accommodate floods, and conceive zoning flood planning with riverside diverse spatial resources. The flood planning zones consist of three types including ecological conservation, restricted construction, and artificial utilization. Resilient modules should be closely integrated with the planned zones. Secondly, the planning is supposed to form an effectively collaborated landscape network by optimizing riverbanks to composite river-greenbelt and making vertical gullies to water and soil conservation corridors. Lastly, the riverside landscape construction should take advantage of Nature-based Solutions, to create natural resilient spaces and adapt to regional hydrological changing principles. The following concrete solutions consist of protecting the system's key ecological nodes, cultivating resilient plant communities, naturally transforming levees, and establishing a mountainous urban storm flood storage system. In conclusion, the riverside landscape planning and construction which are guided by resilience theory, aim to realize the thinking transformation from resistance to symbiosis through adapting and adjusting to floods. Further research will enrich resilient planning strategies based on the riverside landscape practices in the Three Gorges, and optimize the resilient adaptability to flood through the application of urban governance and social participation. These serial researches will contribute to the improvement of disaster adaptation efficiency of human settlements in the Three Gorges, along with presenting scientific and practical values of landscape research in the thinking of local resilient theory.