基于双重感知的生活型历史街区活力空间辨析

Analysis of Vitality Space in Living Historic Blocks Based on Dual Perception

关键词:  风景园林  文化景观  社会感知  历史感知  活力空间

Key words:  landscape architecture  culture landscape  social perception  historical perception  vitality space

摘要:

生活型历史街区指街区内仍有大量原有居民居住、生活氛围浓厚、承担着居住功能的历史街区，是典型的活态遗产。在历史-生活双重价值、保护-发 展双重目标的指导下，将生活型历史街区的活力空间分为显性活力空间和隐性活力空间，基于双重感知方法，构建整体研究框架和空间识别方法模型。并以苏州 山塘历史文化街区(渡僧桥-北环路段)为例，讨论显性、隐性活力空间具体识别过程。将研究成果与实际现状空间相结合，探寻活力空间具体点位，并对生活型 历史街区活力空间的更新发展研究提出未来展望。

Abstract:

Residential historic district is a kind of historic district in which a large number of original residents still live, and the living atmosphere is strong, assuming the residential function. It is a typical living heritage, which has both historical value and living value at the same time. The international frontier is concerned about the development of heritage revitalization, and the win-win path of heritage protection and development has become the focus of current research, to realize the continuation of heritage value. At present, the protection and inheritance of historic districts have achieved certain results, and living historic districts carry both historical memory and people's living, embodying the dual values of history and life, and the dual goals of protection and development, and will be the focus of future protection and renewal. The term "vitality" is often used to assess the sustainability and health of a space, which is the endogenous driving force for the long-term sustainable development of a place and the external characterization of the attractiveness of a space to its users. While the physical environment, which carries historical value, is intuitively explicit, the daily life, which embodies the value of living, is not easy to detect and recognize. Therefore, vitality space is divided into explicit and implicit ones. Explicit vitality space is the one closely related to the level of historical value, carrying historical value and local collective memory, and can be assessed with the help of relevant indicators of historical value, and specific space locations can be determined through historical perception; implicit vitality space is the one closely related to the daily life of residents, and is constituted by the people's daily interactions, consumption, labor, etc., and needs to be identified by certain methods. In this study, the historic districts are evaluated from the perspective of vitality, and the locations of vitality spaces are identified through the dual perception measures of historical perception and social perception. First, the historical spatial data and social media data are collected and organized to form explicit and implicit vitality space elements. Then the indicators are formed, weights are assigned, and geospatial peaks are formed according to the level of weights to identify explicit and implicit vitality spaces. Finally, based on determining the neighborhood analysis unit, the attributes of each unit are quantitatively portrayed, and the distribution of vitality space is shown. Through the theoretical study, Shantang Historical and Cultural District in Suzhou (Dushengqiao-Beihuang Road Section) is taken as an example to discuss the specific identification process of explicit and implicit vitality space. It is concluded that the distribution of explicit and implicit vitality spaces in this neighborhood exists in three cases: overlapping, adjacent, and separated. If the explicit and implicit vitality spaces overlap, the vitality spaces are of the highest importance and should be optimized and strengthened in the future; if the explicit and implicit vitality spaces are adjacent to each other, the vitality spaces should be expanded by integrating the surrounding resources to form a linkage; and if the explicit and implicit vitality spaces are separated from each other, the connection between the two should be explored to examine the possibility of forming an axis of development. This study combines the results with actual design projects to explore new paths for the renewal and development of living historical districts, optimize the living environment of residents in historical districts, and achieve the goals of sustainable historical value and human value.