基于虚拟现实技术的城市公园运动共享型空间优化研究

Research on Optimal Design of Shared Space with Multiple Sports Types in Urban Parks Based onVirtual Reality Technology

关键词:  风景园林  城市公园  虚拟现实技术  运动共享型空间  环境要素识别

Key words:  landscape architecture  urban parks  virtual reality technology  shared space for multiple sports types  environmental element identification

摘要:

作为健康干预的重要空间载体，高密度地区城市公园面临着增量困难与居民多样化运动需求的显著矛盾。城市公园运动共享型空间通过提高场地使用 率、周转率及活动兼容性，能够有效提升公园的运动供给能力。以哈尔滨丁香公园和群力公园为例，利用Kano模型提取不同运动类型的关键环境要素，并基于虚 拟现实技术和使用人群特点，自由组合关键环境要素，建构3类运动共享型空间——放松+舒缓、社交+爱好、社交+放松；最终通过模拟预测，明确运动共享型空 间的必备环境要素，提出模块化共享空间优化的设计策略。结果表明：1)不同运动类型人群对活动空间的必备需求存在差异，如高强度运动人群重视场地设施， 而低强度运动人群认为植物特征是提升其运动意愿的关键；2)“高围合+多色植物+趣味设施”的空间能吸引进行放松和舒缓类活动的人群共同开展体力活动， “大尺度+特色水景+休憩设施”的空间能吸引进行社交和爱好类活动的人群共同开展体力活动，“便捷出口+多样植物+健身设施”的空间能吸引进行社交和放松 类活动的人群共同开展体力活动。研究结果为存量阶段城市公园的优化更新提供了新路径，有助于提高全民健康水平。

Abstract:

Urban parks have become an important spatial carrier for environmental intervention in health, and the contradiction between the difficulty of increasing the number of urban parks under high population density and the demand for diversified physical activities of residents is becoming more and more prominent. The implementation of shared sports spaces in urban parks can significantly enhance the parks' capacity to provide sports facilities by improving utilization rates, turnover rates, and activity compatibility. The study takes Harbin urban parks as an example, the key environmental factors influencing various movement types were identified using the Kano model. By leveraging virtual reality technology and user characteristics, these essential elements were integrated to create three distinct types of sports-sharing spaces: relaxation-oriented, social-hobby-oriented, and social-relaxation-oriented spaces. Finally, through simulation and predictive analysis, the necessary environmental factors for effective motion-sharing spaces were defined, leading to the proposal of an optimal design strategy for modular sharing spaces. The results show that: 1) Different types of sports participants have varying requirements for activity spaces. For instance, individuals engaging in highintensity physical activities prioritize venue facilities, while those involved in lowintensity exercises consider plant characteristics, such as seasonal colors and vegetation coverage, to be crucial factors that enhance their motivation to exercise. 2) The common characteristics of relaxation-seeking and tranquilityfocused groups include a preference for quiet environments, solitary activities, a sense of insecurity, and an inclination towards smaller-scale spaces with high landscape quality and a certain degree of enclosure. A space characterized by "high enclosure + multicolor plants + engaging facilities" can attract both groups by using plants to create separation from noise. By incorporating diverse textures, scents, and colors of trees and shrubs, as well as water elements, the landscape can be designed to meet the basic needs of these individuals. Social and hobby-oriented groups are characterized by their love for lively environments, fixed activity locations, and a preference for collaborative activities. They favor large-scale, open spaces that prioritize entertainment and communication while maintaining high landscape quality. A space featuring "large-scale + distinctive water features + leisure amenities" can attract these two groups to engage in activities together. Providing an open, comfortable, and accessible spatial experience, with dispersed leisure facilities, can fulfill the basic needs of these individuals. For social and relaxation-seeking groups, particularly the elderly, the common characteristics include a need for companionship and a love for stimulating environments. These groups prefer large-scale, open spaces where rest and fitness serve as core functions. Such spaces should be located near the park's central node and close to entrances or secondary roads for easy access. A space designed with "convenient exits + diverse plantings + fitness equipment" can encourage social interaction and relaxation. The basic needs of this population can be met by establishing convenient pathways and entrances, emphasizing native plants, and increasing plant diversity. The study aims to significantly enhance the carrying capacity of physical activities in urban parks, addressing a critical need in modern urban environments. Urban parks serve as vital green spaces that provide residents with opportunities for exercise, recreation, and relaxation. By improving the infrastructure and facilities within these parks, the study seeks to accommodate a greater number of visitors engaging in various physical activities.