历史-社会-空间：东莞市鳒鱼洲工业遗址景观空间生产与治理

History-Society-Space: Production and Governance of the Landscape Space of the Industrial Site inJianyuzhou, Dongguan

关键词:  风景园林  社会空间辩证视角  工业遗址景观  空间治理  鳒鱼洲  广东东莞

Key words:  landscape architecture  Social Space Dialectics  industrial site landscape  spatial governance  Jianyuzhou  Dongguan, Guangdong

摘要:

后工业时代，全球工业遗址面临经济、社会和环境转型的多重挑战。东莞市鳒鱼洲工业遗址作为改革开放初期中国南方的重要工业基地，具有独特的历 史地位和价值。从政治经济学“历史-社会-空间”的视角出发，探讨其景观空间生产过程与治理机制。结果表明：鳒鱼洲景观空间生产经历乡村聚落、外向型工 业化、文化创意3个发展阶段，其物质形态和景观符号呈现“农业聚落景观空间意象-工业生产及流通景观空间生产-历史文化创意景观空间建构”的演化特征，实 现了从农业、工业生产型社会到城市消费型社会的空间转型。政企联盟在这一过程中发挥了主导作用，通过探索创新1.5级开发模式，在低强度导向、多功能营造 的城市消费型空间生产过程中重塑了工业遗址的社会关系网络。以“历史-社会-空间”三元辩证法为切入点，拓展风景园林学科理论视角，以期为工业遗址景观 的保护、利用、治理与可持续发展提供新的理论与实践指导

Abstract:

With the advent of the post-industrial era, industrial sites around the world are facing multiple challenges of transformation and reuse at the economic, social, and environmental levels. Jianyuzhou Industrial Heritage Site in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, was an important industrial base in South China in the 1980s. It comprises 33 Class I and II protected buildings and 6 municipal historical structures. The site is home to the first foreign trade cargo dock and the first Sino-foreign joint venture in Dongguan, as well as a series of historical relics closely related to China's Reform and Opening-up and industrial development, such as early customs institutions and a waterborne police station. With its unique historical status and value, it provides a typical case with rich historical and cultural connotations for the research on industrial heritage landscape space in the field of landscape architecture. This study aims to explore the spatial production and governance of the industrial site's landscape from the perspective of political economy's "history-society-space" dialectics. The results show that in the historical dimension, the landscape space production of Jianyuzhou Industrial Site has gone through three stages of development, namely, the rural settlement stage before the reform and opening up, the export-oriented rural industrialization stage after the 1980s, and the cultural and creative stage in the 21st century. In the spatial dimension, its material form and landscape symbols present an evolution from "agricultural settlement landscape spatial imagery" to "industrial production and circulation landscape space production" and then to "historical and cultural creative landscape space construction". The landscape space has transformed from "enclosed" to "open" and "public", realizing the socio-spatial transformation from agriculture and industrial production-oriented society to urban consumptionoriented society. The social space has shifted from "lack of social subjects" to "social aggregation". In the social dimension, the study summarizes the landscape spatial governance strategies, which are mainly manifested in the connection of regional transportation chains, organization of historical and cultural nodes and routes, landscape gardening, and micro-renovation. These design techniques flexibly handle the scale, dimension, and context of corridor space, public space, building interior space, and historical and cultural space, creating new spaces that enhance the characteristic waterside urban landscape, optimize public service functions, and inherit historical culture. The study reveals the pathways and mechanisms of landscape spatial governance and evolution. The alliance of government and state-owned capital has played a leading role in this process by exploring the innovative 1.5-tier development model. This model combines rigid spatial regulation with flexible market mechanisms and reshapes the social relationship network of the industrial site during the low-intensity, multi-functional urban consumption-oriented spatial production process. It has established a co-governance mechanism integrating multiple stakeholders. This research uses the "history-society-space" trinity dialectics as an entry point to expand the theoretical perspective of landscape architecture, aiming to provide new theories and practical guidance for the protection, utilization, governance, and sustainable development of industrial site landscapes. Finally, the research prospects are proposed, including: 1) further expanding the sociospatial dimension of landscape architecture research, deepening the study of micro-behavioral decision-making and mechanisms of various stakeholders, constructing more diverse spatial analysis models, and fully revealing the underlying logic of industrial site landscape governance; 2) in the practice of site development planning, decision-making and landscape design, it is necessary to be people-oriented and history-based, strengthen the public education significance of industrial historical heritage, maximize its public use value to meet the spatial needs of urban and rural residents.