长城景观资源的徒步旅游模式与游步道优化研究——以长城国家文化公园(北京段)为例

Research on the Hiking Tourism Utilization Model and Trails Optimization of the Great Wall LandscapeResources: A Case Study of the Great Wall National Cultural Park (Beijing Section)

关键词:  风景园林  文化遗产  长城  徒步旅游  景观资源  长城国家文化公园  文旅融合

Key words:  landscape architecture  cultural heritage  the Great Wall  hiking tourism  landscape resources  the Great Wall National Cultural Park  integration of culture and tourism

摘要:

徒步旅游是长城遗产的重要游览方式，对促进长城地区的旅游开发和经济发展具有重要意义。以长城国家文化公园北京段为研究区域，提取该地区GPS 徒步轨迹数据，利用地理信息空间分析法，发掘轨迹空间分布、形态特征与长城景观资源的耦合关系；结合不同的景观资源特征与徒步者动机需求，总结出遗产 历史游览、自然风光游览、村落人文游览和山地健身游览4类长城徒步游览模式。以八达岭石峡段长城为例，在全线资源特色视角下总结提炼该段资源优势和保存 现状，并进行游览步道的系统规划，针对单一景观、线性景观、组团景观和自然景观进行多种游览线路与墙上、墙下等多种观景方式的游步道综合优化。研究结 果可为长城景区发展建设与结构优化、游览模式与路线规划，以及长城国家文化公园建设背景下的文旅融合工程建设提供决策参考

Abstract:

Hiking tourism represents a significant means of exploring the Great Wall heritage, emphasizing both the architectural value of this ancient military defense system and the cultural landscape that arises from the integration and interaction between humanity and nature. By merging hiking tourism with the Great Wall cultural tourism project and the development of the Great Wall National Excursion Trail, outdoor activities can embody both leisure and athletic attributes alongside the dissemination of historical and cultural significance. This approach offers a novel model for the utilization of the Great Wall landscape resources, playing a vital role in fostering tourism development and economic growth in the Great Wall region. This paper takes the Beijing section of the Great Wall National Cultural Park as the study area, employing the two-step outdoor website to obtain GPS hiking track data. This includes extracting track paths, starting and ending points, and user-marked locations. Through continuous low-altitude UAV aerial surveys of the entire Great Wall, centimeter-level images and 3D data of the Great Wall heritage resources were acquired, facilitating the creation of an "Image and 3D Database of the Entire Ming Great Wall". This database aids in classifying the landscape resources of the Great Wall and acquiring the latitude and longitude coordinates of each resource point. First, using geographic information spatial analysis methods, the study analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and morphology of the trajectories from a macroscopic perspective through kernel density analysis. It explores the coupling relationship between the heritage landscape resources and trajectory distribution, revealing that sections of the Great Wall with superior resource endowment, better preservation, and greater continuity attract more tourists. Second, by integrating diverse landscape resource characteristics with hikers' motivational needs, four Great Wall hiking tour modes are identified: the heritage history tour, the natural scenery tour, the village humanities tour, and the mountain fitness tour. The route characteristics and planning considerations for each of these modes are summarized. Third, taking the Badaling Shixia section of the Great Wall in Beijing as a typical example, typical hiking routes are extracted from the track data, and kernel density analysis is conducted on usermarked points within the routes to identify landscape resource locations that attract tourist interest. Route planning and viewpoint design are employed for the hiking trails throughout the touring process. The resource advantages and preservation status of this section are analyzed from the perspective of overall resource characteristics, leading to systematic planning of excursion trails. A diverse array of tour routes and comprehensive optimization of walking trails are proposed for single landscapes, linear landscapes, grouped landscapes, and natural landscapes, incorporating various viewing methods both on and beneath the wall. Compared to conventional top-down route planning based solely on tourism resource distribution, the development of tourism routes and the construction of walking trails informed by hiking track data align more effectively with the actual demands of tourism activities and complement the local villages and natural geographic environment. The findings of this research can provide valuable insights for decision-making regarding the development and structural optimization of the Great Wall scenic area, the planning of tour modes and routes, and the integration of cultural and tourism initiatives within the context of establishing the Great Wall National Cultural Park.