基于文化记忆建构的社区参与式行动设计

Community Participatory Action Design Based on Cultural Memory Construction

关键词:  风景园林  行动设计  社区治理  文化记忆  身份认同  公众参与

Key words:  landscape architecture  action design  community governance  cultural memory  identity  public participation

摘要:

当前的设计实践逐步向社区领域扩展，设计过程与社区治理呈现出“自下而上”或“上下结合”的新趋势，但公众在其中的主动参与性仍显不足。文化 记忆的建构能够有效推动个体从被动状态向积极参与进行转变，而行动设计作为一种将复杂目标“化整为零”的方法，为实现社区治理目标提供了新的路径。通 过梳理文化记忆与行动设计的理论基础及其相互作用关系，提出了一种基于文化记忆建构的社区参与式行动设计模式，为存量提质建设背景下的社区设计实践提 供可复制、可推广的行动框架。以京张铁路广安门站旧址京铁和园社区为实践案例，围绕铁路文化记忆开展系列行动探索，并取得了社区治理的理想成效。结果 表明，基于文化记忆建构的社区参与式行动能够提升居民主体的积极性，为社区治理赋能。未来研究需进一步考察不同社区类型及人群的适用性，并完善行动后 的评估体系以提升实践的科学性与普适性

Abstract:

Current design practice is gradually expanding into the realm of community, and there is a new trend in both the design process and the model of community governance that provides for a shift from the traditional top-down approach to a more inclusive "bottom-up" or hybrid model. However, the public's initiative to participate in community governance remains inadequate due to the general problems of decaying public memory, lack of identity, and weak community culture that communities generally face. The construction of cultural memory points the way to solving these problems by facilitating the gradual transformation of conservative and inert subjects into individuals with a sense of subjectivity and participation. Action design is a method for breaking down complex goals into iterative, manageable steps. It offers a structured way of achieving sustainable community governance. This study synthesizes the theoretical frameworks of cultural memory and action design, proposing a participatory community action design model based on the construct of cultural memory. This model aims to enhance the capacity of community governance and stimulate public participation through localized and replicable strategies and processes. The model comprises the following elements: 1) A compendium of five different urban community types and population types of interventions that apply to improving community governance issues in communities with significant cultural memory, as well as to improving public culture issues in ordinary communities. 2) A description of the detailed structure of the model, which as a generalized framework can be developed in multiple cycles based on assessment and practical needs, with each cycle containing the following five steps: "locate - translate - activate - construct - assess", and lists the toolkits that can be used for each step in the community context. Through the application of this model, the dynamic interplay between cultural memory elements and public participation actions can form a self-reinforcing cycle: the media system triggers functional memory activation, functional memory reinforces identity, and identity motivates further participation, thus renewing the media system. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model, the research team strictly followed each step of the model and promoted two action cycles of action practice in Beijing's Jingtie Heyuan Community. The community's status as the former site of China's first self-built railroad departure station, coupled with its historical significance as a major hub for railroad workers and its unique industrial cultural heritage, rendered it an ideal location for the study. The first action cycle concentrated on the oral history of railroad culture, encompassing over 1,200 minutes of oral history interviews with residents from railroad occupational backgrounds, and the results of these interviews were produced into 40 exhibition panels and 10 documentaries, which were displayed in the community space, fully exploring and revitalizing the railroad cultural heritage of the community. The second action cycle centered on interactive memorial installations, where the team worked with residents to design 43 modular interactive memorial installations that would enable them to engage with their cultural heritage in tactile and digital ways. The installations were also assembled with residents from different backgrounds. The findings indicate that community participatory action based on the construction of cultural memory can effectively enhance the enthusiasm of the residents, strengthen their sense of belonging, construct their identity, and greatly improve the governance capacity of the community. The community's cultural memory has been extended and integrated from an "individualized" historical culture to a "collective" public culture and has played a long-term role in the subsequent public activities, making the community a model for local cultural construction. This study underscores the potential of cultural memory as a governance instrument, redefining design as a socio-cultural praxis in which community empowerment and memory management converge to shape resilient, self-sustaining urban spaces. Future research should seek to further examine the model's applicability to different community types and populations, and refine the post-action evaluation system.