游览序列：一种历史园林价值识别与阐释的研究视角

Visitation Sequence: A Research Perspective on the Identification and Interpretation of HistoricGarden Values

关键词:  ：风景园林  文化遗产  历史园林  园林体验  序列  辅仁大学

Key words:  landscape architecture  cultural heritage  historic garden  garden experience  sequence  Fu Jen Catholic University

摘要:

历史园林如何进行参观和解读是保护与活化利用的重要考虑因素。游览序列代表着对超越物质空间实体的参与者及连续性体验过程的关注，可以成为一 种历史园林价值识别与阐释的研究视角。从游览序列概念出发界定历史园林游览序列的内涵与结构；聚焦历史园林游览序列转变现象与价值判别提出类型划分； 以北京涛贝勒府园为案例研究对象，深度描述并解析其在3个历史时期中顺应序列要素变化产生的游览次序、游览节奏等序列属性转变过程，讨论游览序列转变对 历史园林价值识别与阐释的影响。不同于将历史园林作为客体对象进行分解对待的价值判断思路，该研究视角是对历史园林过程性、体验性、生长性特质的补充 回应，为历史园林活化利用及展示提供了必要方向

Abstract:

The Florence Charter is the only international convention specifically focused on the conservation of historic gardens within the global heritage protection framework. Its core approach involves deconstructing a garden's physical composition into measurable, locatable, and describable units. This approach allows for a scientific and structured preservation of the garden's material elements. However, a garden's design intent extends beyond just its physical structure and also includes the organization of the visitation sequence. The arrangement of this sequence is essential as it often reflects the designer's understanding of space and their intended emotional impact on visitors. Unlike buildings, which are treated as static monuments, gardens involve dynamic and emotional experiences, orchestrated through a series of continuous visitor interactions. For historic gardens, the way visitors move through and interpret the space plays a crucial role in their value assessment, protection, and utilization. As heritage value identification and evaluation processes advance, it is increasingly recognized that the visitation sequence is a key factor in understanding and preserving the full value of historic gardens. Acknowledging this importance allows for a deeper understanding of the garden's original "state" and contributes to more effective conservation strategies. This concept serves as the foundational knowledge for all actions taken in the preservation process. Based on this concept, this study undertakes the following tasks: 1) Defining the connotation and structure of the historic garden visitation sequence, starting from the concept of visitation sequence. The connotation of the visitation sequence refers to the division and pre-setting of visitors' journey and continuous experience within the historic garden. It covers two aspects: the designer's creation, represented by the objective environment, and the user's experience, represented by subjective perception. 2) Focusing on the phenomenon of changes in historic garden visitation sequences and value judgment, and proposing a classification: The "textual narrative-type visitation sequence" refers to a visitation sequence that follows the narrative line of the historic garden, where the understanding of the space relies on strong hints and interpretations, requiring the visitor's subjective interpretation; The "experiential-type visitation sequence" highlights the overall rhythm of the garden's visit as its key feature, with flexible spatial arrangements applying techniques such as ups and downs, hidden and revealed spaces, and using the contrast between suppression and elevation; The "perceptual-type visitation sequence" emphasizes the integrity of key features such as the entrance or climax points of the garden. 3) Using the Tao Beile Mansion Garden in Beijing as a case study, the research provides a detailed description and analysis of the changes in visitation order, rhythm, and other sequence attributes over three historical periods. It also discusses how changes in the visitation sequence affect the identification and interpretation of the garden's value. The difference in visitation order leads to direct changes in the visitor's perception of the garden's main identity, and the different rhythms of the visit result in significantly distinct experiential interactions, causing differing interpretations of the garden's value. This study has three contributions: 1) The research findings provide a detailed supplement to the archival records of the Tao Beile Mansion Garden or the former site of Fu Jen University, contributing to the protection of the authenticity of cultural heritage sites. 2) The study offers a more comprehensive value recognition framework, forming a solid knowledge base for the ongoing restoration and renewal work of the Tao Beile Mansion Garden. It also provides a complete approach to value interpretation for future garden exhibitions and visitor management under the context of Beijing Normal University's Jingshi School. 3) Unlike traditional approaches that decompose historic gardens as objective entities for value judgment, this study presents an integrated research perspective and methodology to address the processual, experiential, and evolving characteristics of historic gardens.