北京香山历史水系的开发与利用

Development and Utilization of the Fragrant HillHistorical Water System

关键词:  风景园林  香山  静宜园  西山永定河文化带  水系  样式雷图档

Key words:  landscape architecture  Fragrant Hill  Jingyi Garden  the Cultural Belt of Yongding River and West Mountain  water system  Yangshi Lei Archives

摘要:

北京香山在历史上就是著名的风景名胜，地下水资源 丰富，拥有众多泉眼。随着香山地区的营建，香山水系也得到 开发与利用，至清代达到鼎盛，水系不仅因借山势在静宜园中 形成了泉、池、溪、瀑等多种形式的水景，而且其利用远及静 明园等“三山五园”，甚至通州。通过对历史文献、样式雷图 档、测绘图进行研究，结合田野调查等方法，梳理香山水景的 类型与分布，分析香山地形的高差变化与水景之间的关系，总 结历史上对于香山水系的开发与利用，并提出传承保护香山水 系的建议。

Abstract:

The Fragrant Hill in Beijing is a famous scenic spot in history, rich in groundwater resources and has many springs. With the construction of the Fragrant Hill area, the Fragrant Hill water system was also developed and utilized, reaching its peak in Qing Dynasty. The water system not only formed various forms of water landscape in Jingyi Garden such as springs, pools, streams, and waterfalls due to the mountain situation, but also extended as far as Jingming Garden and other "three mountains and five gardens", and even Tongzhou. Through the study of historical documents and Yangshi Lei Archives, surveying and mapping, combined with fieldwork, this research sorts out the types and distribution of the Fragrant Hill water features, analyzes the relationship between the height difference of the Fragrant Hill topography and waterscape, summarizes the development and utilization of the Fragrant Hill water system in history, and puts forward suggestions for inheriting and protecting the Fragrant Hill water system.