风景园林美感探究——景的人境感应机制与 景境回路设计原理

Exploration of the Aesthetic of LandscapeArchitecture: Mechanism of Perception andInteraction between Human and Environment of"Jing" and the Principles of "Jing" EnvironmentCircuit Design

关键词:  风景园林  风景园林美感  风景园林美感流变性  人-境感应  景  八景  景感流变  景境回路设计

Key words:  landscape architecture  landscape architecture aesthetic  rheology of landscape architecture aesthetic  human-environment perception and interaction  jing  eight jing  flow and change of jing  jing environment circuit design

摘要:

围绕风景园林美感的研究对象、个体与群体、文化 与科学、误区与症结、研究战略、如何创新突破等问题，以 “景”为主线，揭示风景园林美感成因与机制的流变性，构建 景境回路设计原理。分别从哲学、人居环境学、风景园林学 三方面展开，构建景的“人-境互动”模型，剖析景作为风景 园林美感的源头、成因、机制作用，揭示景的“人-境互动” 流变机制。为此，分析论述了景与园、与意境的关系，提出 “经”的概念。进一步阐明了建筑学非生命美学与风景园林生 命美学的根本差别及因偏离了基于生命美学的风景园林美学分 析评价的基本方向性误导，主张以风景园林的过程动态感受主 导风景园林美感评价，指出流变性这一风景园林美感美学的内 在属性，提出以“景流”作为评价风景园林美感的准则和标 准，并为风景园林美感流变理论奠定基础。具体成果如下： 1)提出了“风景园林美感流变理论”雏形；2)发展中国传统 八景理论，提出了主观、客观、主客观结合的“3类八景” 24位元素及其8条风景园林美感规划设计的流变线索；3)基于 美感流变理论，构建了由回路、景境、景阻、景势、景流组成 的“景境回路设计原理”。

Abstract:

Focusing on the research subjects, individuals and groups, culture and science, misunderstandings and crux, research strategies, how to innovate and break through, this paper takes "jing" as the main line, reveals the rheology of the causes and mechanisms of landscape aesthetic, and builds the principle of landscape circuit design. From the three aspects of philosophy, human settlements, and landscape architecture, the research builds a "human-environment interaction" model of landscape, analyzes the source, cause and mechanism of the beauty of the landscape architecture of "jing", and reveals the flow of "human-environment interaction" mechanism of "jing". To this end, the relationship between "jing" and garden, "jing" and the intention of the environment are analyzed and discussed, and the concept of "experience of jing" is put forward. It further clarifies the fundamental difference between the non-life aesthetics of architecture and the life aesthetics of the landscape architecture and its deviation from the basic direction of the analysis and evaluation of landscape aesthetics based on life aesthetics. It advocates the dynamic feeling of landscape architecture to lead the aesthetic evaluation of landscape architecture, and points out the rheological beauty of landscape architecture. The inherent attribute of aesthetics puts forward "flow of jing" as the criteria and standard for evaluation of landscape aesthetics and lays the foundation for the theory of aesthetics of landscape architecture. The research results are as follows: 1) putting forward the prototype of the "landscape architecture aesthetic rheology theory"; 2) developing the traditional Chinese "Eight-Jing" (eight sceneries) theory, and putting forward the subjective, objective, subjective and objective combination of the three types of "Eight-Jing" with 24 elements, and its 8 rheology clues of the planning and design of landscape architecture aesthetic; 3) based on the aesthetic rheology theory, building the "design principle of jing-environment circuit" composed of circuit, jing environment, jing resistance, jing potential and jing flow