广东省自然保护地暗夜公园建设选址 适宜性评价

Suitability Evaluation of Site Selection for theConstruction of Dark Sky Parks in NaturalProtected Areas in Guangdong Province

关键词:  风景园林  自然保护地  暗夜保护  暗夜公园  适 宜性评价

Key words:  landscape architecture  natural protected area  dark sky protection  dark sky park  suitability evaluation

摘要:

快速城市化引起的光污染使得黑暗的夜空逐渐稀 缺。暗夜公园作为暗夜保护的主要类型之一，在国内外受到越 来越多的关注。具有优越本底环境的自然保护地是暗夜公园建 设选址的重要备选对象。根据国际暗夜协会对暗夜公园的认证 要求，初步筛选出广东省具有暗夜公园建设潜力的备选保护 地，将NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据作为暗夜资源识别的依据， 从观星质量制约条件、游客吸引程度和政府投资可行性三方面 出发，构建暗夜公园建设选址适宜性综合评价指标体系；应用 GIS空间分析法和层次分析法，探讨广东省建立暗夜公园最适 宜的自然保护地。结果表明：广东省适合建设暗夜公园的自然 保护地数量占比仅约为3%，其中2/3集中在经济发展落后于珠 三角地区的粤西、粤东和粤北地区，1/3分布于珠三角地区的 惠州市和江门市。暗夜公园建设最优选址为梅州五华天堂山市级 自然保护区，该自然保护地具有晴天率高、与城镇距离适中、周 边旅游景点多等优势，且具有丰富的山区生态资源与深厚的客家 文化底蕴，有利于打造具有地方特色的暗夜公园。通过制定一套 自然保护地暗夜公园选址适宜性评价的方法和流程，为广东省自 然保护地暗夜公园建设提供了重要的选址参考。

Abstract:

Rapid urbanization has caused an increase in light pollution and the loss of dark night skies. Dark sky park, a key form of nocturnal conservation, has gained attention globally and domestically. Protected areas with excellent baseline environments serve as ideal locations for establishing dark sky parks. This study aimed to identify potential protected areas in Guangdong Province for dark sky park construction, adhering to the certification requirements of the International Dark-Sky Association. By utilizing NPP-VIIRS night light data, a comprehensive evaluation index system was developed, considering factors such as stargazing quality, visitor attractiveness, and government investment feasibility. GIS spatial analysis and the analytic hierarchy process were employed to identify the most suitable natural protected areas in Guangdong Province for dark sky park establishment. The results revealed that approximately 3% of the province's protected areas are suitable for dark sky park construction, with 2/3 concentrated in economically underdeveloped regions (western, eastern, and northern Guangdong), and the remaining 1/3 distributed in Huizhou and Jiangmen within the Pearl River Delta region. The Wuhua Tiantangshan Municipal Nature Reserve in Meizhou emerged as the optimal site for its high clear-sky percentage, moderate distance from urban areas, surrounding tourist attractions, mountainous ecological resources, and significant Hakka cultural heritage. This study provides a valuable reference for selecting suitable locations for dark sky park construction in protected areas of Guangdong Province by establishing an evaluation methodology and process