基于景观要素与夏季热舒适性的湿热地区 城市公园吸引力研究

Attractiveness of Urban Parks in Hot and HumidAreas Based on Landscape Elements and SummerThermal Comfort

关键词:  风景园林  气候适宜性  城市公园  湿热地区  热舒适  景观要素

Key words:  landscape architecture  climate suitability  urban park  humid and hot area  thermal comfort  landscape element

摘要:

为探析湿热地区夏季30℃和40℃不同气温下的城市 公园景观要素、小气候因子和热舒适度指标对公园吸引力的影 响及相互作用规律，通过对成都市锦城公园进行小气候实测和 行为注记调查，结合热舒适度评价指标的计算、ArcGIS矩阵 网格可视化和多元回归分析，将游客数量作为中介变量，量化 评价各指标对公园吸引力的影响程度，以期为西南盆地湿热地 区应对夏季高温热浪的气候适宜性设计提供依据。结果表明： 1)太阳辐射仍为夏季影响人体热舒适度和公园吸引力的最关 键小气候要素，但在40℃时风速和相对湿度影响更为显著； 2)12项景观要素均对公园吸引力影响显著，SVF是影响热舒 适度的最关键因素，但在40℃高温下才成为吸引游客的最关 键因素，而在30℃时靠近水域的景观最具吸引力；3)UTCI和 PET指标对于户外热舒适评价的表现最好，WBGT较差，但叠 加了游客数量后，UTCI在40℃时表现不稳定。

Abstract:

This study aims to investigate the impact of landscape elements, microclimate factors, and thermal comfort indexes on the attractiveness of urban parks under different temperatures of 30℃ and 40℃ in summer of humid and hot areas. By conducting microclimate measurements and behavioral note surveys in Chengdu Jincheng Park, combined with the calculation of thermal comfort indexes, ArcGIS matrix grid visualization, and multiple regression analysis, the number of visitors was used as a mediating variable to quantitatively evaluate the degree of influence of each index on park attractiveness. In order to provide a basis for the design of climate suitability in coping with summer heat waves in the hot and humid areas of the Southwest Basin. The results show that: 1) Solar radiation is still the most critical microclimate element affecting thermal comfort and park attractiveness in summer, but wind speed and relative humidity are more significant at 40℃. 2) All 12 landscape elements significantly affect park attractiveness, with sky view factor (SVF) being the most critical factor affecting thermal comfort. However, SVF only becomes the most critical factor attracting visitors at 40°C high temperature, while the landscape near the water at 30°C is the most attractive. 3) The UTCI and PET indicators perform best for outdoor thermal comfort evaluation, while WBGT is poor. However, after superimposing the number of visitors, UTCI's performance becomes unstable at 40°C.