基于自然语言处理的钱塘江诗路唐诗景观 要素挖掘与场景呈现

Exploration of Landscape Elements in Tang Poetry and Scene Representation of Qiantang River Poetry Road Based on Natural Language Processing

关键词:  风景园林  数字人文  自然语言处理  唐诗景观  空间意象  钱塘江流域

Key words:  landscape architecture  digital humanities  natural language processing  Tang poetry landscape  spatial imagery  Qiantang River basin

摘要:

在4条诗路文化带推进诗画浙江大花园建设的背景 下，借助自然语言处理技术，创新一种以景观名词单字为参 数的古诗词异化词条归一化路径，通过Python编程代码、 Gephi共现语义网络、词云分析与GIS核密度分析，实现钱塘 江诗路唐诗的景观要素挖掘、场景画面提炼与空间意象分布特 征分析。结果表明：1)日月星光、水岸景观、浪潮、鸟类、舟 船、行客、隐士逸人是唐代钱塘江诗意画卷的核心构景要素， 同时，上、中、下游在人居环境风貌上分别侧重于乡土田园、 山林幽居、滨江城郭等特质；2)按照影响力强弱，钱塘江流域 唐诗所描绘的诗意场景可依次排列为缘江行舟、坐城观涛、江 村田居、林泉渔隐4类意象；3)在自然地理、社会经济、历史 文化等多元因素的影响下，缘江行舟在空间格局上呈现全域分 布的特征，林泉渔隐、江村田居在中游高度集聚，坐城观涛与 下游滨江城郭的整体风貌相契合。从而为诗意栖居营建智慧的 科学认知与在地传承提供参考。

Abstract:

Under the background of promoting the construction of the Great Garden of Poetic Zhejiang in the four poetic roads cultural belt, this paper explores the landscape elements, represents scene pictures and analyzes spatial imagery distribution of the Tang poems of Qiantang River poetic road with the employment of natural language processing technology, a single word-based dissimilar entry normalization method of Chinese ancient poetry, Python programming code, Gephi co-occurrence semantic network, Word cloud analysis and GIS kernel density analysis. The results are that 1) Sun, moon and stars, waterfront, waves, birds, boats, travelers, hermits are the core landscape elements of the poetic picture of Qiantang River in the Tang Dynasty. And the upper, middle and lower reaches focusing on the characteristics of rural pastoral, seclusion in mountains and forests, and riverside residence respectively in terms of the style of human settlements. 2) According to the strength of influence, the poetic scenes depicted in Tang poems on the Qiantang River basin can be successively summarized into four types of images: boating along the river, watching the waves from the tower, farming in a riverside village, and residing and fishing in the seclusive forest. 3) Under the influence of multiple factors such as physical geography, social economy, history and culture, boating along the river appears in all reaches, forest seclusion and riverside residence dominates the middle reach, while watching the waves from the tower accords with features of the lower reach where many towns stood by. This provides a reference for the scientific research and thinking over the construction of smart poetic dwelling.