城市化进程下的南京近代园林类型与 分布演变

The Evolution of Modern Garden Types and Distribution in Nanjing Under the Process of Urbanization

关键词:  风景园林  南京近代园林  类型与分布  城市化  历史地理信息系统

Key words:  landscape architecture  Nanjing modern gardens  type and distribution  urbanization  historical GIS

摘要:

近代南京是中国最早开启近代化建设和提出绿地系 统的城市之一，园林类型主体由私家园林向公共绿地扩展，绿 地的功能与权属发生变化。基于ArcGIS平台，结合空间句法 和分形理论，探讨了城市化进程下南京近代园林的类型和分布 演变。研究表明：1)近代园林数量呈倒“V”形生长，清末主 要为私家园林和宗教园林，民国以别墅园林、城市公园、公建 附属园林为主；2)清末集中于城南，民国向城北扩展；城东园 林较少，近代园林南北方向扩展能力远大于东西方向；3)近代 园林主要分布于城北住宅和文教区及路网整合度较高、公共交 通发达且地价小于30元/方丈的区域。总结了近代园林类型、 分布与城市近代化转型背景、社会生活的变迁及中西文化交流 融合的影响关系，为划定近代园林保护范围、塑造“民国文化 看南京”的城市品牌提供依据。

Abstract:

In modern times, Nanjing was one of the first cities in China to start the modernization construction and put forward the park and green space system. The main body of the garden expanded from private gardens to public green space, and the function and ownership of the green space changed. Based on ArcGIS platform, combined with spatial syntax and fractal theory, this paper discusses the types and distribution evolution of modern gardens. The research shows that: 1) The number of modern gardens increased in an inverted V shape. In the late Qing Dynasty, it was mainly private gardens and religious gardens, while in the Republic of China, it was mainly villa gardens, urban parks and public affiliated gardens. 2) In the late Qing Dynasty, it was concentrated in the south of the city, and in the Republic of China extended to the north. There are few gardens in the east, and the expansion capacity of modern gardens in the northsouth direction is much greater than that in the east-west. 3) Most of the modern gardens are located in the residential and cultural and educational areas in the north of the city, in areas with a high degree of road network integration, a complete public transportation system and a land price of less than 30 yuan/per square meter. This study summarizes the relationship between the types and distribution of modern gardens and the background of urban modernization and transformation, changes in social life and the integration of Chinese and Western cultural exchanges, and provides a basis for delineating the graded protection scope of modern gardens and shaping the city brand of "Nanjing as the cultural center of the Republic of China".