基于InVEST模型和最小成本路径的城市绿色空间生境网络构建方法研究——以南京为例

Research on the Construction Method of Urban Green Space Habitat Network Based on InVEST Model and Least-cost Path: A Case Study of Nanjing

关键词:  风景园林  城市绿色空间生境网络  InVEST  最小成本路径  生物多样性

Key words:  landscape architecture  urban green space habitat network  InVEST  least-cost path  biodiversity

摘要:

提出以城市绿色空间为载体，选取不同生境类型、对城市化适应能力不同的物种为目标物种，结合物种观测数据和InVEST模型生境质量评估模块进行生境源地的识别及成本面信息的提取，应用最小成本路径综合模拟出城市绿色空间生境网络的方法。以南京为例，选取了9种鸟类作为目标物种，分析了其现状城市绿色空间网络结构。结果表明，迁移能力和城市化适应能力对物种分布的范围和生境类型的广泛程度影响较大。现状网络对城市化适应能力强或迁移能力强的物种较友好，对城市化适应能力差且迁移能力弱的物种有严重不良影响。对于综合的网络，中部的核心区多但被建设区割裂，北部的核心区少而分散，南部的核心区少但联系紧密，三部分的主要连通性结构为滁河、溧水河、秦淮河、秦淮新河和较连续的山林地或水库坑塘。此外，在半自然生境斑块内也生成了许多分散路径，部分联系紧密的斑块形成了组团结构。最后，根据以上结果提出了相应建议。

Abstract:

In this paper, a method was proposed to simulate the urban green space habitat network comprehensively by using the least-cost path, which selected several species of different habitat types and have different abilities to adapt to urbanization as target species, identified the habitat source and extracted the cost information based on the species observation data and InVEST model habitat quality assessment. Taking Nanjing as an example, nine species of birds were selected as the target species to analyze the current urban green space network structure. The results showed that migration ability and urbanization adaptation ability had a great influence on the extent of species distribution and habitat. The species with strong urbanization adaptability or migration ability spread well in the network, while the species with poor urbanization adaptability and weak migration ability had serious adverse effects. For the integrated network, there are many cores in the middle but they are divided by the construction area. There are few cores in the north and they are scattered, while the southern cores are closely connected. The main connectivity structures of the three parts are Chu River, Lishui River, Qinhuai River, New Qinhuai River and a series of forest land or reservoirs and ponds. In addition, many dispersal paths are generated in semi-natural habitats. Some closely connected patches become groups. Finally, the corresponding construction and optimization suggestions are put forward.