大城市高密度中心城区空中花园分布 特征与影响因素研究——以广州为例

Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Sky Gardens in the Central Urban Area of Big Cities—A Case Study of Guangzhou

关键词:  风景园林  空中花园  高密度中心城区  分布特征  影响因素

Key words:  landscape architecture  sky garden  high-density central urban area  spatial distribution  influencing factor

摘要:

发展空中花园是高密度城市解决公共空间不足、响应绿色人居的重要举措，掌握其分布特征与影响因素对存量发展阶段垂直空间的精准配置具有重要意义。以广州中心城区为例，通过识别高清影像图与实地踏勘建立718个空中花园GIS数据库，从建筑功能、建筑高度和地块形态3个方面分析其分布特征和影响因素。结果表明：1)总体上，75%的空中花园分布在高层高密度地块，57%位于居住类建筑，59%位于高层和超高层建筑，空中花园虽然在一定程度上对地面绿地起到了补充作用，但屋顶利用率较低且各类建筑、地块内部发展不均衡；2)空中花园分布总体上与地面互补度呈显著正相关、与综合需求度和技术难度呈显著负相关，高密度地块的影响模式与总体样本一致，但低密度地块表现为均不相关。研究结果说明空中花园分布与地面绿地供给、空中花园需求均存在一定程度的错配。未来绿色空间供需匹配研究亟须从二维转向三维，结合立体空间进行地面-空中的一体化评估、规划和设计，尤其要增强空中花园的使用便捷性和多元性。

Abstract:

Developing sky gardens is an important measure for high-density cities to solve the shortage of public space and respond to green living. Researching its distribution characteristics and influencing factors is of great significance to precisely allocate vertical space in the stock stage. Taking the central urban area of Guangzhou as an example, this paper establishes the GIS databases of 718 sky gardens by identifying high-definition image maps and field surveys, and analyzes their distribution characteristics and influencing factors from the perspective of building functions, heights, and plot shapes. The results show that: 1) In general, 75% of the sky gardens are distributed in high-rise and high-density plots, 57% are distributed in residential buildings, and 59% are distributed in high-rise and super high-rise buildings, which objectively meet some of the needs, but the utilization rate of roofs is low and the internal development of various plots and architectures is unbalanced; 2) Overall, the number of sky gardens are significantly positively correlated with ground supply, and significantly negatively correlated with comprehensive demand and technical difficulty. The impact pattern of high-density plots was consistent with the overall sample, but low-density plots showed no correlation. The research shows that there is a certain degree of mismatch between the distribution of sky gardens, the supply of ground green space, and the demand for sky gardens. In the future, it is proposed to urgently shift research view from two-dimensional to three-dimensional on the green space supply-demand matching, combine with three-dimensional space for ground-sky integration evaluation, planning and design, and especially enhance the convenience and diversity of the use of sky gardens.