天开图画——论杭州西湖太子湾公园造园艺术

A Masterpiece Imitating Heaven: On the Art of Garden Creation of Taiziwan Park at the West Lake inHangzhou

关键词:  风景园林  老庄哲学  天然元素  国画章法  在大地上画山水画  守正创新  返璞归真  中国式写意山水园

Key words:  landscape architecture  Lao-Zhuang philosophy  natural element  principle of Chinese painting  painting landscape on the earth  upholding tradition while innovating  returning to original purity  Chinese-style impressionistic landscape garden

摘要:

太子湾公园是师法自然、顺应自然、回归自然，传承与创新相融合的中国式写意山水园。天人合一、大道至简、自由浪漫、返璞归真的老庄哲学，是太 子湾公园规划设计的美学思想。用天然元素，在大地上画山水画，是主创者别具匠心的艺术造园主张。三足鼎立、七星拱月的空间设计，气象宏大、意境深远、 独具个性。骨干大乔木乐昌含笑和无患子的布局，是公园的主旋律，构成了全园的大背景和天际线。点线面配置的观花观叶特色植物樱花、鸡爪槭与红枫，顾盼 生情，相映生辉。大弯大曲、大起大伏的夸张园容园貌，展现出优美入画的构图与轻松活泼的氛围。宏观，大刀阔斧写意写神；微观，画龙点睛写形写真。轻重 有别，主次分明。灵活运用起承转合、以虚抱实、收放自如及借鉴话剧、国乐、京剧艺术特色的造园手法，营造了公园中的引景、高潮、尾声及诗画长卷。突破 规矩方圆，在园内开辟多条深远透景线，化繁为简，以少胜多，让公园显得更加空阔疏远。通过远借近借、景借意借的“巧于因借”造园艺术大法，把千百里外 的无限风光和大自然气息借进公园，使园内园外湖光山色融为一体，共同滋养树木花草和人的心灵。借鉴“万园之母”大自然的本真，传承中华文化精粹，大胆 创新，勇于实践，倾注激情，用不按常规出牌的造园胆识，成就太子湾公园的观赏价值和艺术感染力，实现实景意境、感官心灵向大自然的同步回归。

Abstract:

Taiziwan Park is a Chinese-style impressionistic landscape garden that learns from nature, conforms to nature, and returns to nature, seamlessly integrating tradition with innovation. The Lao-Zhuang philosophy - emphasizing the unity of heaven and humanity, the supreme principle of simplicity, freedom and romance, and returning to original purity - forms the aesthetic foundation for the park's planning and design. The creators' unique artistic proposition was to employ natural elements to "paint a landscape upon the earth". Its spatial composition, guided by the principles of "tripartite balance" and "seven stars surrounding the moon", possesses a grandeur of vision, depth of conception, and distinct character. The arrangement of framework trees - Michelia chapensis and Sapindus mukorossi - constitutes the park's main theme, forming its overarching backdrop and defining skyline. Signature plants like cherries, Japanese maples, and red maples, strategically positioned as points, lines, and planes, create lively interplays and enhance each other's beauty through their mutual reflections. The exaggerated garden landscape, characterized by sweeping curves and dramatic undulations, exhibits picturesque compositions and a relaxed, vibrant atmosphere. At the macro level, it employs bold, impressionistic brushwork to convey spirit; on the micro level, it adds the finishing touch to depict form and realism, with clear distinctions between primary and secondary elements. Through the flexible application of gardening techniques - such as introduction, development, transition, and conclusion; using void to embrace substance; controlled release and restraint; and drawing inspiration from stage drama, traditional Chinese music, and Peking opera - the park creates sequences of scene introduction, climax, finale, and a poetic long scroll. By breaking conventional geometric constraints and incorporating multiple deep, penetrating vista lines, it simplifies complexity and achieves more with less, enhancing the park's sense of spaciousness and serenity. Mastering the gardening art of "borrowing" (scenery and concepts), whether from afar or nearby, brings distant landscapes and the essence of nature into the park, seamlessly blending internal and external lake-and-mountain views to nourish both plants and the human spirit. Learning from nature, the "mother of all gardens", inheriting the essence of Chinese culture, boldly innovating, and practicing with passion and unconventional courage, the creators have endowed Taiziwan Park with significant ornamental value and artistic appeal, realizing the synchronous return of the physical scene, its yijing (artistic conception), sensory perception, and the human soul to nature.