城市生态基础设施与生态系统服务关系研究进展

Research Progress on the Relationship between Urban Ecological Infrastructure and Ecosystem Services

关键词:  风景园林  城市生态系统  生态基础设施  生态系统服务  网络分析

Key words:  landscape architecture  urban ecosystem  ecological infrastructure  ecosystem services  network analysis

摘要:

城市生态基础设施是城市生态系统服务形成的基础。然而，当前对调控生态系统服务的关键城市生态基础设施结构仍了解有限。通过文献综述和网络分析，揭示城市生态基础设施影响生态系统服务的关键结构特征，结果表明：城市绿地、城市树木、城市公园、城市森林和绿色屋顶是研究较多的基础设施类型；城市生态基础设施的面积、植被覆盖和可达性是研究较多的结构特征；空气质量调节、径流控制和娱乐是最受关注的生态系统服务类型；植被覆盖是调节以木本植物为主的城市生态基础设施提供空气质量服务的关键结构；面积是调节木本和草本植物结合的城市生态基础设施提供美学服务的关键结构。强调城市管理需综合考虑基础设施的生态效应，以实现城市健康平衡发展。

Abstract:

Urban ecological infrastructure (UEI) serves as the foundational component for the provision of urban ecosystem services (UES), which are crucial for addressing contemporary challenges such as climate change, air pollution, and public health deterioration in the context of rapid urbanization. However, a comprehensive understanding of the specific structural features of UEI that are key to regulating UES remains limited. This study employs a systematic literature review and network analysis to identify the predominant types of UEI, their key structural characteristics, and the UES they influence, to reveal the critical structural features that determine the provision of UES. The analysis revealed that one type of UEI can provide multiple UES, and conversely, a single UES can be supplied by various types of UEI. For instance, urban green spaces were found to provide up to 21 different UES, while runoff control could be delivered by 14 different types of UEI. Network analysis using the igraph package in R was performed to elucidate the relationships between UEI structures and UES. The analysis focused on seven major UEI types that met the threshold for inclusion. The results demonstrated that vegetation coverage is a key structural characteristic for UEI dominated by woody plants (such as urban trees and urban parks) in regulating services like air quality regulation and climate regulation. Conversely, for UEI that combine woody and herbaceous plants (such as urban gardens and green spaces), the area was identified as the critical structural feature, particularly for influencing cultural services like aesthetics. Connectivity also played a significant role in the structure-service network for certain UEI types, such as urban green spaces and small water bodies. The findings underscore that the impact of UEI on UES is mediated through ecological processes influenced by these structural features. For example, vegetation coverage alters plant community structure, which in turn affects photosynthesis rates and biogeochemical cycles, thereby regulating supply and regulatory services. An increase in the area of UEI modifies the urban landscape pattern, directly enhancing the supply of UES and influencing residents' perception and access to these services. This study concludes that managing key structural features provides an effective strategy for optimizing the provision of UES. Specifically, this entails enhancing vegetation coverage in woody-plant-dominated UEI and expanding the area of mixed-vegetation UEI. The network-based analysis offers a valuable framework for urban planners and managers to design and manage UEI in a way that maximizes a diverse range of ecosystem services, thereby contributing to the development of more resilient, healthy, and sustainable cities.