雄安新区主要绿化树种的健康评价

Health Assessment of Main Greening Tree Species in Xiong'an New Area

关键词:  风景园林  雄安新区  树木健康评价  配置方式  主成分分析法

Key words:  landscape architecture  Xiong'an New Area  tree health assessment  configuration mode  principal component analysis method

摘要:

作为推动高质量发展的中国样板，雄安新区于城市建设伊始便开展了大规模绿化建设，并对不同的树木配置方式展开了试验性探索。经过几年建设，许多绿地已初步建成，但是这些绿地中所用树木的健康状况尚未得到学界充分关注，而新区后续绿化建设中树种的选择配置、树木的养护管理又亟待此类研究的支撑。以雄安新区3种典型配置方式绿地中的树木为研究对象，在实地系统调查的基础上，分析了雄安新区绿化树种的应用频度、配置方式及健康状况，从生长状况与整体形态2个方面对不同绿化树种的健康状况进行评价，并分析了不同配置方式下树木健康状况的差异。结果表明：1)共调查记录到树木52种，处于I、II、III 3个健康等级的分别有33、16和3种，不同树种的健康得分存在差异(P＜0.05)。2)16个常见绿化树种在生长状况及整体形态方面的指标得分均有所差异：在枝叶病虫害程度(C1)方面，‘绚丽’海棠、旱柳和山桃的表现较差；在冠型(C7)方面，银杏的表现最差；在偏冠度(C8)方面，元宝槭与山桃的表现较差。3)在3种配置方式均有应用的9种绿化树种中，绝大部分树种在株间混交及块状混交配置方式中的健康状态优于行间混交方式，仅有油松、侧柏等少部分树种在行间混交方式的健康状况更佳或在3种配置方式中的健康差异不显著。结果表明，树木的健康状况与其本身的生长特性及所处群落的环境异质性密切相关，进行植物群落设计与后期养护管理时应综合考虑。研究结果对与雄安新区气候及地理条件相似地区绿化建设中的树种选择、配置及养管有重要的借鉴意义。

Abstract:

As a model for China to promote high-quality development, the Xiong'an New Area has carried out large-scale greening construction since the beginning of the city's construction, and has launched experimental explorations of different tree configurations. After several years of construction, many green areas have been initially built, but the health status of the trees used in these green areas has not yet received sufficient attention from the academic community, and the selection of tree species and tree maintenance management in the subsequent greening construction of the new area urgently needs the support of such research. This study takes the trees in three typical configurations of green areas in Xiong'an New Area as the research object, and analyzes the application frequency, configuration and health status of greening tree species in Xiong'an New Area on the basis of field systematic investigation, evaluates the health status of different greening tree species from the aspects of growth status and overall morphology, and analyzes the differences in the health status of the trees under different configurations. The results showed that: 1) a total of 52 species of trees were investigated and recorded in this study, and 33, 16 and 3 species were in the three health classes of I, II and III, respectively, with significant differences in the health scores among different species (P<0.05); 2) The 16 common green tree species had different index scores in termsf growth status and overall morphology. In terms of branch and leaf pest degree (C1), Malus 'Radiant', Salix matsudana and Amygdalus davidiana performed poorly; in terms of crown shape (C7), Ginkgo biloba showed the worst performance; in terms of crown deviation degree (C8), Acer truncatum and Amygdalus davidiana poorly; and 3) among the nine greening tree species that were applied in all three configurations, the vast majority of the tree species in the forests mixed by individual tree and mixed in block were in better health than forests mixed by row, and a small number of tree species such as Pinus tabuliformis and Platycladus orientalis had better health status in the interrow mixed configuration or had no significant health difference among the three configuration methods. The analysis showed that the health status of trees was closely related to their own growth characteristics and the environmental heterogeneity generated by the community configuration, which should be considered comprehensively in the design of plant communities and later maintenance management. This study is of great significance for the selection, configuration and maintenance of tree species in greening construction in areas with similar climatic and geographic conditions as Xiong'an New Area.