| 摘要: |
| 作为一位从事园林研究的德国女性艺术史学家，玛丽·路易斯·戈泰恩的治学根植于19世纪下半叶欧洲大陆的新兴思潮与实践，充分体现了对传统艺术领域的突破。她的著作首次将园林从艺术审美层面拓展到历史学、地理学，推动园林史研究成为一个融汇多学科背景的综合史。在戈泰恩的研究中，园林不仅是艺术形式，也是复杂的文化现象，反映了不同时期人们的审美趣味、社会结构和哲学观念。她立足于实地考察，以跨学科的视角看待风景园林，观察其在欧洲与东亚地区文化交流互鉴引起的影响，受到众多艺术史和园林学领域学者的认可，成为各国园林史的指南。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 玛丽·路易斯·戈泰恩 德国 园林史 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.12.0137 |
| 投稿时间：2024-02-20修订日期：2024-03-31 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(32171859)；国家留学基金委项目(202406420120) |
|
| Garden Art and Interdisciplinary Studies: Garden History through Marie Luise Gothein's Eyes |
| YANG Yunfeng,,CHEN Yifang,,LI Sha* |
| Abstract: |
| Marie Luise Gothein was a German female art historian engaged in
garden studies, whose academic contribution lay not only in the publication
of the landmark work A History of Garden Art but also in the interdisciplinary
nature reflected in her research methodology. Gothein grew up during the
intellectual transformations of late nineteenth-century Europe, influenced
by literature, history, religious culture, and the natural sciences, gradually
forming a research framework that transcended a single discipline. In the
male-dominated academic environment of her time, she advanced garden
studies into a broader scholarly arena through her own efforts and systematic
investigations, pioneering a mode of garden history research that integrated
art, history, and geography. Her academic journey began with the study
of British Romantic literature and gradually extended to the exploration of
garden art. Gothein emphasized the interactive relationship between gardens
and society, politics, economy, and culture, arguing that gardens are not
only objects of aesthetic appreciation but also cultural texts within their
historical contexts. During her field investigations, she visited major European
garden sites, studying gardens in Italy, France, Britain, and Germany, and by
integrating historical drawings, engravings, and literary records, she developed
a research method that combined empirical rigor with comprehensiveness.
She summarized her findings in A History of Garden Art, which for the first time
systematically traced the development of gardens from ancient Egypt to the
end of the nineteenth century, conceptualizing garden history as a continuous
process closely linked to the evolution of human society - an idea inherited by
many later scholars. This work of over one thousand pages included more than
six hundred illustrations, adopting a method of mutual verification between
text and image, thereby establishing a rigorous scholarly paradigm for garden
studies. Particularly noteworthy were the additional chapters on Chinese and
Japanese gardens, which not only highlighted the exchanges and interactions
between Eastern and Western traditions but also revealed her pioneering vision
in cross-cultural comparative studies. Particularly noteworthy are the chapters
she added on Chinese and Japanese gardens, which not only highlighted the
exchanges and interactions between Eastern and Western gardens but also
demonstrated her pioneering thinking in cross-cultural comparative research.
In addition, she advocated that gardens should be considered together with
architecture, balancing functionality and artistry - a concept that remains
relevant in contemporary landscape architecture. Gothein's contribution lies in
breaking through the limitations of earlier garden history, which relied excessively
on aesthetics and artistic taste, by placing gardens within the broader framework
of social and historical development. She not only paid attention to the evolution
of garden forms but also examined the social hierarchies, philosophical ideas,
and cultural values behind them. Through interdisciplinary integration, she
gradually transformed garden history into a more academic and systematic field,
promoting its establishment as an independent discipline alongside art history
and architectural history. In 2014, on the centenary of A History of Garden Art,
Heidelberg University held an online commemorative exhibition in her honor,
reaffirming her academic influence and scholarly value. In sum, Gothein's
scholarly practice marked an important turning point in the methodology
and disciplinary positioning of garden history research. Her interdisciplinary
perspective, evidential methodology, and in-depth analysis of East-West garden
interactions made A History of Garden Art an essential reference for later studies.
Gothein not only laid the foundation for the establishment of world garden history
but also expanded the disciplinary boundaries of garden research, promoting
the transition of garden art from traditional aesthetics to comprehensive historical
and cultural studies. Her research trajectory provides methodological inspiration
for contemporary garden history and highlights the unique contributions of
women scholars within the modern academic system |
| Key words: landscape architecture Marie Luise Gothein Germany history of
garden art |
