荆江分洪区“在地应洪”营建实验及平战结合效应研究

Pilot Implementation of "On-site Flood Response" in the Jingjiang River Flood Diversion Area and Evaluation of Its Peacetime-Wartime Integration Effects

关键词:  风景园林  荆江分洪区  在地应洪模式  平战结合  生态智慧

Key words:  landscape architecture  Jingjiang River flood diversion area  on-site flood-response model  peacetime-wartime integration  ecological intelligence

摘要:

本着以人民为中心理念，以仅占全国蓄滞洪区总面积4%，中国最早、长江中游首处最为重要的大型分洪区——荆江分洪区为研究对象，吸收江汉平原长期在人洪博弈的惨痛代价中积累的生存经验与智慧基础上，针对当前我国蓄滞洪区“转移疏散”模式弊端，结合低空飞行技术成熟、智慧城乡建设等时代机遇，创新提出“在地应洪”人居环境规划建设模式。实验研究遵循“智慧借鉴，城乡在地应洪体系构建，村庄在地应洪设计”路径，从技术、经济、美观、韧性、智慧传承等角度阐述其平战结合优势、特点与可行。创新性地将路台、堤台、高架体纳入国家应洪安全基础设施体系，与当前我国蓄滞洪区的集中迁建理赔方式相比有可观的经济节约空间；基于AI Earth的宅基地、建构筑物的精准识别运用对缺乏测绘覆盖的村庄规划有技术拓展意义；提出的“在地应洪”模式可显著增强蓄滞洪区的发展定力、底气和信心，实验成果对全国蓄滞区的规划建设具有方法示范和借鉴价值。

Abstract:

Guided by the people-centered philosophy, this study selects the Jingjiang River Flood Diversion Area - one of China's earliest and most important large-scale diversion zones in the middle Yangtze region, yet accounting for only 4% of the nation's total flood-detention area - as its case. Drawing on the Jianghan Plain's traditional wisdom for living with floods, and in response to the limitations of the prevailing "evacuation-and-relocation" approach applied in many of the country’s flood-detention areas, the study proposes an innovative planning and construction paradigm for habitable environments termed the "on-site flood-response" model. The proposal leverages contemporary opportunities such as the maturation of low-altitude flight (UAV) technologies and the rapid development of smart urban-rural systems. The experimental research follows a three-stage pathway - intelligent benchmarking → construction of an urban-rural on-site flood-response system → village-level on-site flood-response design - and, from technical, economic, aesthetic, resilience, and knowledge-transfer perspectives, articulates the advantages, characteristics, and feasibility of the model's peacetime-wartime integration. A key innovation is the integration of road terraces, embankment terraces, and elevated structures into a national flood-safety infrastructure system; compared with the current, Chinawide centralized relocation-and-rebuild compensation schemes, this integration offers substantial potential economic savings. The study also demonstrates the technical value of precise homestead and building identification using the AI Earth platform for planning villages that lack full surveying and mapping coverage. Overall, the proposed "on-site flood-response" model can materially strengthen the development stability, capacity, and confidence of flood-detention areas. The experimental findings offer methodological guidance and a transferable reference for the planning and construction of flood-detention/diversion zones nationwide.