景观认知研究中脑科学前沿应用及其展望：关键命题、技术范式与研究机制

Key Proposition, Technology Paradigm, and Research Mechanism: Frontier Application and Prospectof Brain Science in Landscape Cognition Research

关键词:  风景园林  脑科学  景观认知  关键命题  技术范式  研究机制

Key words:  landscape architecture  brain science  landscape cognition  key proposition  technology paradigm  research mechanism

摘要:

：由“认知行为与心理”发端，现代景观认知研究经“环境神经”发轫而发展至“脑科学”阶段。基于脑科学原理与方法开展景观共性认知测度及其衍生 研究，迅速成为风景园林内生规律探索和高质量发展的前沿研究方向。通过梳理景观认知研究中脑科学应用的学术分野与主要趋势，总结当前“景-脑”联立研究 的专业命题、基础理论与研究范式，探讨脑科学技术支持下的景观认知研究焦点、分析模式与解析逻辑。在此基础上，从构成要素和运行机理2个层面提出脑认知 信息驱动的景观认知概念模型，从而构建“转译-构造-比对”的实施框架。递次剖析景观认知研究中脑科学发展历程、核心命题、技术范式与研究机制，以期为 相关实证研究与纵深研讨提供理论基础

Abstract:

Under the backdrop of advancing human settlement landscape environments toward refined operation and high-quality development, modern landscape cognition research, originating from "cognitive behavior and psychology" and evolving through "environmental neuroscience" into the "brain science" stage, has become a frontier direction for exploring the intrinsic principles of landscape architecture and expanding interdisciplinary knowledge. Addressing the practical needs to strengthen systematic approaches, enrich emerging technologies, and deepen design practices in traditional landscape cognition research, brain science demonstrates distinct potential for cross-disciplinary knowledge application and integrated technological innovation. Related studies emphasize rational and logical methodologies to scientifically investigate the coupling mechanisms and fundamental patterns between landscapes and brain cognition, positioning brain science as a "new engine" for landscape cognition research and practice. With the deepening of related discussions, it is necessary to refine the existing "landscapebrain" coupling research framework, systematically explore the brain mechanisms, brain patterns, and brain characteristics underlying landscape cognition, and provide theoretical support for such research. This study traces the development of brain science applications in landscape cognition research, summarizing related hot topics, representative viewpoints, and academic achievements. The 3 research phases - linear unidirectional brain-cognition exploration, bidirectional brain-landscape interaction, and landscape cognition system mechanisms - yielded key propositions for landscape cognition research. The subsequent study systematically organized landscape cognition research logic is supported by brain science technologies and landscape assessment methods, and crystallizes brain-based analytical technology paradigms for landscape cognition information. Building upon this foundation and guided by landscape construction principles and cognitive system operational mechanisms, a conceptual model and implementation framework for "landscape-brain" coupling mechanism research are constructed. This aims to develop more concise, operable, and generalizable brain science application solutions for landscape cognition research. This study demonstrates that signal expression in landscape experience, experimental observation of landscape mind, and regularity-based decision-making in contextual design constitute 3 key propositions in the brain science applications of landscape cognition research. The first examines brain activation and memory processing through perceptual media, encompassing three research directions: environmental fields with Gestalt cognition; landscape metaphoricity with multisensory associations; and psycho-physiological spatial configurations. The second investigates landscape genesis, meaning, and interconnections via brain science experiments on subjective cognition alongside quantitative measures like aesthetic indices and preference matrices. The third deciphers cognitive patterns through brain stimulation responses, connectivity, and complex coding, ultimately driving evidence-based design by synthesizing landscape composition with cognitive impact mechanisms. Advancements in brain science technologies and landscape assessment methodologies have intensified the demand for combined research on cognitive measurement and evidence-based landscape. The brain science research in landscape cognition, involving the information coupling between the cognitive subject and the landscape object, is characterized by research logic with cognitive directivity, spatiotemporal transcendence, information fluidity, and measurement evidence. The brain analysis of landscape cognitive information covers the full chain from phenomenon analysis to result application, and has currently formed 4 modes: stimulus-response validation, longitudinal-cross-sectional tracking, model-factor differentiation, and spatial-cartographic overlay. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement in related research in terms of the logical coherence and pattern closure in cognitive data analysis, the accuracy and depth of landscape evaluation and mapping, as well as the reliability of cognitive coupling information and its application validity. The core of the "landscape-brain" coupling research mechanism lies in constructing a conceptual model grounded in landscape ontology composition and operational principle structured around "criteria-principle-construction". Landscape ontology encompasses fundamental elements and their reorganization, while the operational principle explores the logical coherence of three interconnected aspects: how cognitively integrated data imposes constraints; the influence relationships between constrained objectives and landscape elements; and how construction targets are achieved through element-driven design. Through an implementation framework, this conceptual model translates into actionable research phases: translation of brain-cognition data for scene elements, quantitative construction of landscapescene ontological relationships, and digital mapping and design comparison based on ontological patterns. By systematically dissecting the development, key propositions, technological paradigms, and research mechanisms of brain science in landscape cognition studies, this research establishes a theoretical foundation for landscape cognition assessment, evidence-based practice, and quality enhancement.