集体记忆视角下武陵山区乡村景观特质识别与图谱构建研究——以黔江太极镇为例

Research on Identifying and Mapping Rural Landscape Characteristics in the Wuling Mountain Areafrom the Perspective of Collective Memory: A Case Study of Taiji Town, Qianjiang

关键词:  风景园林  乡村景观特质  集体记忆  景观特质图谱  武陵山区  黔江太极镇

Key words:  landscape architecture  rural landscape characteristics  collective memory  landscape characteristic map  Wuling Mountain Area  Taiji Town in Qianjiang

摘要:

乡村景观特质是承载村落景观特有信息，记录和展示村民集体记忆的特定场所，是一个地方区别于其他地方的根本所在。认知乡村景观空间，识别与表 达乡村景观的地方性特质成为建设美丽宜居乡村和促进乡村人地关系和谐发展的关键。运用集体记忆理论，提出乡村景观特质识别与表达的方法及路径。以历史 上发生着纷繁复杂的民族迁徙与文化互动的武陵山区黔江太极镇为例，从环境、建筑、文化三方面对其乡村景观中所蕴藏的地方性特质进行识别、提取与图谱构 建，形成由2个门类、3个大类、6个中类、28个小类构成的集体记忆下武陵山区黔江太极镇乡村景观地方性特质图谱，并尝试提出武陵山区乡村景观特质的在地 性保护与传承思路。结果表明，以重拾村民集体记忆的视角来研究乡村景观特质，是深入挖掘和保护乡村景观地方性特质的特殊路径，丰富了乡村景观特质的研 究方法和研究角度，对太极镇乃至武陵山区乡村景观在地性营建、保护和利用等提供一定指导与启示

Abstract:

Rural landscapes, as legible texts, document the cultural progression of long-term human-land interactions, serving as historically imbued memory spaces that manifest a region's traditional vernacular culture, with distinct landscape characteristics varying across regions. These differences constitute the locality and recognizability of rural landscapes. Rural landscape characteristics, as specific sites that carry unique village landscape information and record or display collective memories, form the fundamental essence distinguishing one place from another. In the context of rapid urbanization, however, the increasing infiltration of heterogeneous elements into rural landscapes has severely impacted traditional features, leading to the loss of regional identity, homogenization of landscape forms, and cultural uniformity, thereby plunging rural societies into crises of memory loss, distortion, fragmentation, and discontinuity. Recognizing rural spatial configurations and identifying their local characteristics have become pivotal for constructing beautiful, livable villages and promoting harmonious human-land relationships. Collective memory not only acts as a marker of place identity but also serves as a critical tool for interpreting rural landscape characteristics, aiding in the understanding, preservation, and transmission of these traits, while functioning as a key driver of local sustainable development. Rural landscapes and collective memory thus establish a bidirectional communicative channel. Based on the theoretical framework of collective memory, this study establishes a logical framework for identifying and expressing rural landscape characteristics, with dual research objectives: 1) to analyze the interrelationship between collective memory and rural landscapes, and 2) to investigate the formative influence of collective memory on landscape characteristics, specifically examining how collective memory drives the excavation of place-specific traits. The framework operationalizes this process through four fundamental phases: excavating and tagging rural collective memories, identifying and classifying landscape elements, screening and extracting characteristic traits, and translating and expressing these traits, thereby systematically identifying and summarizing the essential elements and inherent values of rural landscape characteristics. The Wuling Mountain Area, historically a corridor of ethnic migrations and cultural interactions, exemplifies the fusion of unique natural geography and profound cultural heritage, forming rural landscapes rich in mountainous ethnic features. Its diverse local characteristics serve as vital catalysts for rural development, with the excavation of these traits representing a foundational, profound, and enduring force for rural revitalization. Focusing on Taiji Town in Qianjiang District's mountainous core, this study reconstructs fragmented collective memories through oral histories, multidisciplinary literature, field surveys, and spatial analysis, identifying, extracting, and spatially mapping local characteristics across environmental, architectural, and cultural dimensions. Utilizing a modern alphanumeric coding model ("letters + numbers"), the rural landscape characteristics of the Wuling Mountain Area are classified into two categories (tangible and intangible traits), three classes ("environmental stewardship", "clan settlement", and "cultural identity"), six subclasses (e.g., geomantic principles in settlement planning, clan-based public infrastructure, cohabitation of immigrants and indigenous people, Ming-era military-colonial settlements, and hybrid Tujia-Miao and military-immigrant societies), and 28 specific subcategories. This generates an informational atlas of Taiji Town's local landscape characteristics and constructs a spatial distribution map under the lens of collective memory. By translating cultural features into concrete landscape records, the atlas deepens understanding of rural locality and proposes place-based conservation strategies for the Wuling Mountain Area. The findings reveal that investigating rural landscape characteristics through the lens of reconstructing villagers' collective memory constitutes a specialized approach for deeply excavating and preserving place-specific traits. This methodology not only enhances the comprehensiveness of landscape trait identification but also broadens research methods and analytical perspectives in rural landscape studies, offering actionable guidance and insights for placebased conservation, utilization, and developmental practices in Taiji Town and the wider Wuling Mountain Area.