基于文本挖掘的华侨园林景观意象传达及审美感知研究——以厦门菽庄花园为例

Research on the Image Communication and Aesthetic Perception of Overseas Chinese GardenLandscape Based on Text Mining: Taking Xiamen Shuzhuang Garden as an Example

关键词:  风景园林  文本挖掘  华侨园林  景观意象  审美传达  审美感知  菽庄花园

Key words:  landscape architecture  text mining  overseas Chinese garden  landscape imagery  aesthetic communication  aesthetic perception  Shuzhuang Gardenlandscape architecture  text mining  overseas Chinese garden  landscape imagery  aesthetic communication  aesthetic perception  Shuzhuang Garden

摘要:

以挖掘和弘扬近代华侨园林景观意象为主旨，借助文本挖掘技术，运用定性与定量相结合的方法，以菽庄花园为例，构建审美感知现状评价模型，解析 园主层面的审美传达与鉴赏层面的审美感知之间的关系。研究表明，菽庄花园的景观意象主要集中在故园雅集、菊生园隐、桥亭野望、枕山襟海、水霁渔家、滨 海洞天6个方面，思家爱国是其审美传达的情感基调和前提。人文因素是影响其审美感知的最大因子，但在具体传达过程中人文景观意象感知却较为模糊，为此从 情感主旨再挖掘和遗产展示再利用等方面提出2点建议，具体提出诗词意象与园林要素相结合、意象符号与典型空间相塑造2点应用方法，旨在促进华侨园林景观 意象的传承与保护。

Abstract:

Overseas Chinese gardens are deeply rooted in the rich traditions of Chinese culture and play a significant role in fostering cultural exchange and dissemination between China and other countries. These gardens were established by overseas Chinese upon their return to their homeland. In terms of cultural significance, they center around traditional Chinese gardening principles while also incorporating foreign gardening theories and styles. Ultimately, this fusion results in a unique garden form that embodies both Chinese and Western gardening characteristics. Shuzhuang Garden, located on Gulangyu Island in Xiamen, Fujian Province, serves as a quintessential example of overseas Chinese gardens in modern Southern Fujian. This study employs text mining technology within the framework of Digital Humanities to analyze 199 poems authored by the owner of Shuzhuang Garden, focusing on extracting and summarizing the landscape imagery present in these works. The objective is to encapsulate the aesthetic communication of the garden's owner during that historical period. Additionally, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is utilized to objectively assess the aesthetic perception of the landscape imagery associated with Shuzhuang Garden. Furthermore, user-generated content (UGC) from online text data is analyzed to evaluate tourists' aesthetic perceptions of the garden's landscape imagery. Based on this, an evaluation model of the current state of aesthetic perception has been developed to analyze the relationship between aesthetic communication at the master's level and aesthetic perception at the appreciation level. This paper creatively explores aesthetic communication theory while examining the landscape imagery of overseas Chinese gardens. It aims to investigate how these gardens transform the deeply personal aesthetic experiences of their owners into works of art that adhere to institutional norms during the construction process. In essence, this study seeks to elucidate the entire process by which an aesthetic image is transformed into an artistic image, ultimately leading to aesthetic perception. The research indicates that the landscape imagery of Shuzhuang Garden primarily focuses on six key aspects: hosting literati gatherings in the hometown, utilizing chrysanthemums and other plants to enhance the garden's mysterious atmosphere, enjoying unobstructed views from bridges and pavilions, selecting a garden site that is nestled against the mountains and overlooks the sea, the interplay of water vapor and fishing songs, and the garden's reputation as a livable sanctuary near the sea. Missing home and loving the motherland is the emotional tone and premise of its aesthetic transmission. Moreover, humanistic factors are the biggest factors affecting their aesthetic perception, but in the process of specific communication, the perception of humanistic landscape image is relatively vague. Therefore, two suggestions are put forward from the aspects of emotional theme re-excavation and heritage display and reuse, and two application methods of the combination of poetry image and garden elements, image symbol and typical space shaping, to promote the inheritance and protection of overseas Chinese garden landscape image. On the whole, the landscape imagery of Shuzhuang Garden represents a harmonious unity of meaning and visual representation. "Meaning" refers to the subjective emotions evoked by the garden, shaped by the influence of traditional Chinese culture. "Image" can be understood in two ways: first, as the objective external expression of the landscape, and second, as the subjective interpretation formed by the perceptions of various aesthetic observers. Consequently, the landscape image of Shuzhuang Garden, a quintessential example of overseas Chinese gardens in southern Fujian, possesses significant historical and artistic value.