基于学龄儿童“情绪-认知”健康评价的北京老城区绿色空间适儿化研究

A Study on the Child-friendlines of Green Space in the Old City of Beijing Based on the "Emotionalcognitive"Health Evaluation of School-age Children

关键词:  风景园林  “情绪-认知”健康  学龄儿童  老城区  绿色空间  适儿化

Key words:  landscape architecture  "emotional-cognitive" health  school children  old town  green space  child-friendly

摘要:

儿童健康是全民健康的重要基石，信息化时代的屏幕暴露对学龄儿童认知发展和户外活动意愿产生负面影响，亟须通过绿色空间适儿化改造促进儿童 身心健康。以北京西城区点状、线状、面域3类绿色空间为对象，基于循证医学和环境心理学，采用POMS量表、脑电和眼动数据作为“情绪-认知”健康评估 指标，分析绿色空间的健康效益，并建立评价体系。结果表明：1)点状空间中，植物色彩、绿视率、艺术形态等要素可显著改善情绪(p <0.05)，绿视率和人 文表现显著提升了儿童的注意力(p <0.05)；2)线状空间中，植物色彩、绿视率等要素对情绪有显著的改善(p <0.05)，绿视率和园林材质可显著增强认知能 力(p <0.05)；3)面域空间中，植物色彩、规模、设施完善度等对情绪和认知均有显著正向影响(p <0.05)。研究成果为后续创新北京老城区绿色空间适儿化 规划设计方法，加强科学研究与设计实践的结合提供借鉴和依据

Abstract:

Children's health serves as a vital cornerstone of national health and a crucial guarantee for sustainable development. In the information age, excessive screen exposure among school children not only negatively impacts cognitive function development-including attention deficits and reduced learning efficiency-but also diminishes their willingness to participate in outdoor activities, leading to physical health risks and mental health challenges. Addressing these issues requires proactive strategies to guide children toward physical activity, emotional regulation, and cognitive development through nature-based interventions. This aligns with the urgent priorities of child-friendly urban-rural construction, particularly in optimizing green spaces to encourage outdoor engagement. Transforming urban green infrastructure into interactive, healthpromoting environments thus emerges as a key solution to foster children's holistic well-being while advancing the goals of sustainable urban development. In the context of cultural preservation and urban renewal in Beijing's old city, this study addressed the gap between children's developmental needs and limited urban spaces. Grounded in evidence-based medicine and environmental psychology, the research employed a multi-method assessment approach using the POMS scale, EEG data, and eye-tracking metrics as subjective and objective indicators of "emotional-cognitive" health. Through controlled spatial experiments in Xicheng District, we evaluated the health benefits of three green space typologies. The results not only verified green spaces' positive effects on children's emotional regulation and cognitive performance but also established a quantifiable evaluation framework. This system identifies key environmental influencing factors, elucidates underlying mechanisms, and proposes design principles to optimize child-friendly urban renewal strategies in culturally significant areas. The results showed that: 1) In the dotted space, plant color, green vision rate, art form, garden material, and humanistic expression could significantly improve children's emotional health, relieve fatigue, and reduce stress (p<0.05); The green vision rate and humanistic performance had a great impact on children's cognitive health (p<0.05), which could significantly improve children's attention. 2) In linear space, plant color, green vision, art form, and humanistic expression could significantly improve children's emotional health, relieve fatigue, and reduce stress (p<0.05). The green vision rate and garden materials had a great impact on children's cognitive health (p<0.05), which could significantly improve children's attention. 3) In the area space, plant color, green vision rate, art form, humanistic expression, parking layout, enclosure, scale, and facility completeness could significantly improve children's emotional health, relieve fatigue, and reduce stress (p<0.05). Plant color, green vision rate, garden material, humanistic performance, scale, facility completeness, and facility quality had a great impact on children's cognitive health (p<0.05), which could significantly improve children's attention. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the environmental characteristics of urban green spaces in Beijing's old city, focusing on key factors such as vegetation structure, spatial layout, and accessibility. Through field surveys and psychological assessments, the study systematically measured and evaluated the "emotional-cognitive" health of school-age children, identifying significant correlations between green space quality and children's mental well-being. By examining the coupling relationship between environmental indicators and health outcomes, the study revealed underlying mechanisms, including stress reduction and enhanced social interaction, through which green spaces positively influence child development. Furthermore, potential intervention strategies were proposed to optimize childfriendly design. The findings provide a scientific foundation for innovating green space planning in Beijing's historic urban areas and emphasize the importance of integrating research with practical design approaches to create healthier, more inclusive environments for children.