儿童自然教育空间体系化建构的理论探索与实践路径——以长沙市为例

Theoretical Exploration and Practical Pathways for the Systematic Construction of Children's NatureEducation Spaces: A Case Study of Changsha

关键词:  风景园林  儿童自然教育  自然教育空间  自然教育空间体系  实践路径

Key words:  landscape architecture  children's nature education  nature education space  nature education spatial system  practical pathway

摘要:

：“十四五”规划的儿童友好城市创建及“双减”政策明确了优化儿童成长环境与培养实践能力的战略方向，并对教育与城乡空间融合发展、儿童自然教 育提出了更高要求。首先，基于教育学的教学三要素，探讨自然教育的内涵与特征；其次，依据国土景观的“第一、二、三自然”层次，构建儿童自然教育空间 体系框架，并以长沙市为例，通过比对其自然空间地理信息数据及自然教育基地空间，发现约90%的自然空间可转化为儿童自然教育场所，自然资源的教育价值 挖潜空间大；最后，通过对团队在长沙市3类自然空间中开展的自然教育活动实践案例分析，提出3种教学目的与教学三要素整合下的儿童教育活动分类，即“自 然启蒙”“劳动共生”“创育融合”，并指出未来儿童自然教育需在课程转型、教师队伍建设等方面持续发力，推进自然教育空间的体系化与可持续性教育发 展，实现城乡自然资源空间与教育空间的系统性整合。

Abstract:

Urban and rural cultural heritage is a cultural landscape in a specific geographic space, and under the seemingly fragmented spatial appearance, there is a set of internal overall logic and meaning systems, which contains a multi-dimensional association system. "Association" is a typical feature of Chinese civilization. Based on the synteny and diachronic of historical time, the regional heritage is connected in space, and the overall historical narrative of the region is supported by the historical and cultural value of the heritage. Material and non-material elements are the carriers of value information, and the expression of regional correlation is an important step to highlight the regional value characteristics. The main purpose of constructing the protection system of urban and rural cultural heritage in the new period is to recognize this set of correlation systems and value characteristics in a certain regional space and to construct a historical and cultural spatial system, to make the confusing history and culture of a region recognizable, readable and meaningful. The urban and rural historical and cultural protection and inheritance system adopts the theme-story sequence to construct the framework of the value system, which consists of five value categories (politics, economy, society, science and technology and culture, and geography), 15 value themes and several value characteristics (attributes). "Value characteristics" is the most basic elements in the value system and reflects the close relationship between "heritage", "characteristic", and "value", and the core of the concept is "a kind of characteristic relationship", namely "heritagecharacteristics- value" relationship, which establishes value characteristics of the basic logic. Based on the major demand of highlighting Chinese civilization in the protection and inheritance of urban and rural cultural heritage in the new period, the article studies the correlation of heritage elements and establishes a regional correlation measurement model from the multidimensional value characteristics of urban and rural cultural heritage. Through the spatial correlation of heritage, the core values of the region are condensed and guide the construction of regional historical and cultural protection and inheritance systems, providing working methods for the protection of cultural landscape heritage from the perspective of time and space. This method provides technical support for accurately identifying the correlation pattern of the region, condensing the core values and constructing the regional historical and cultural spatial system, and provides references to other regions of China through the case study of the Jinbei (northern Shanxi) region of Shanxi Province. The northern Shanxi region has been the interactive zone between agriculture and animal husbandry since ancient times. The research takes 136 national heritage sites in northern Shanxi as the research object, constructs the regional correlation network in northern Shanxi through the correlation value between the heritage points, condenses the core values of northern Shanxi, and shapes the historical and cultural spatial pattern of northern Shanxi. This paper makes a systematic analysis of several cultural clues, and tries to accurately visualize them in space and then refine the core value characteristics and cultural relations in northern Shanxi. Finally, the historical and cultural spatial system of northern Shanxi included one first-level cluster, four second-level clusters, and nine three-level clusters, and the value of ethnic integration, institutional civilization value, and natural geography value were identified as the core values of history and culture in northern Shanxi. Through the application case of the Jinbei region in Shanxi Province, the study is expected to provide reference for other regions in China.