建构城市历史景观中的行动者网络——鼓浪屿榕树公共空间研究

Constructing Actor-Network in Historic Urban Landscape: A Study of Banyan Tree Open Space onGulangyu Island

关键词:  风景园林  行动者网络理论  城市历史景观  鼓浪屿  公共空间  榕树

Key words:  landscape architecture  Actor-Network Theory  historic urban landscape  Gulangyu Island  public space  banyan tree

摘要:

在城市历史景观(historic urban landscape, HUL)研究中借鉴行动者网络理论(ANT)，契合HUL倡导的长期动态且具综合性的工作方法，有助于 回归景观体验，识别与评价易被忽视的遗产地景观要素的关联性，揭示社会网络中的隐性遗产价值，预测遗产地公共空间的演变趋势。在鼓浪屿榕树公共空间研 究中，引入行动者网络理论，可以构建以植物为核心的非人类行动者的空间网络，揭示出榕树公共空间的价值识别和场域建构是延续鼓浪屿城市历史景观的层积 性、关联性与日常之蕴的重要内容

Abstract:

This study reinterprets the conservation paradigm of urban heritage through the lens of Actor-Network Theory (ANT), focusing on the banyan treedominated public spaces of Kulangsu (Gulangyu), a UNESCO World Heritage Site. By integrating ANT with the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) framework, the research reveals how non-human actors, particularly banyan trees, actively shape the layered, relational, and quotidian dimensions of heritage landscapes. Through fieldwork mapping 670 banyan trees and analyzing five typological cases (Zhongde Palace, Red Town Hotel, and the former Municipal Council ruins), the study constructs a dynamic actor-network model that transcends anthropocentric perspectives, demonstrating how plants operate as core agents in spatial production, cultural memory, and power negotiations. The methodology employs ANT's five translation phases (problematization, interessement, enrollment, mobilization, and black-boxing) to decode the hybrid networks of human actors (governments, residents, and tourists) and non-human actors (banyan biology, heritage policies, microclimates, and typhoon remnants). The multi-scalar analysis exposes five competing logics, power (institutional regulation), culture (symbolic reinterpretation), livelihood (community practices), capital (tourism commodification), and nature (ecological agency), that co-constitute banyan spaces. For instance, century-old banyans at Zhongde Palace stabilize community identity through ritualized care networks, while typhoon-felled trees transformed into sound installations ("Gulang Echoes") materialize tensions between natural decay and artistic preservation. Crucially, banyans' biological agency, rapid growth, microclimate regulation, and anarchic colonization of architectural ruins, challenges static heritage management, exposing contradictions in institutional practices: cultural departments preserve listed trees while arborists suppress "unruly" growth through radical pruning or species replacement. The findings illuminate three paradigm shifts: 1) Heritage as Dynamic Negotiation: Banyan spaces function as "living palimpsests", where root systems physically rewrite urban morphology while tree canopies host transient social contracts between residents and tourists. 2) Non-Human Temporalities: Banyans' lifecycles operate at intermediary timescales between rapid tourism cycles and glacial geological processes, demanding adaptive valuation frameworks beyond conventional "outstanding universal value". 3) Post-Anthropocentric Stewardship: The study proposes "symbiotic governance" strategies that leverage banyans' ecological agency, e.g., guided root growth for slope stabilization, and microclimate-enhanced public programming, rather than suppressing their vitality. By tracing how banyan networks mediate between HUL's "noun" (material layering) and "verb" (processual management), the research advances critical tools for heritage practice: a relational authenticity index assessing plant-human co-creation, and anticipatory mapping protocols to visualize arboreal agency in climate adaptation scenarios. The conclusion advocates reconfiguring heritage management as a "network choreography" that positions banyans not as passive scenery but as co-designers of Kulangsu's evolving historical urban landscape, a radical departure from preservationist orthodoxy toward ecological co-authorship.