基于城市生物文化多样性方法的广州传统中轴线城市历史景观活化再生设计研究

Research on Regenerative Design of Guangzhou Traditional Central Axis Historic Urban LandscapeBased on the Method of Urban Biocultural Diversity

关键词:  风景园林  城市生物文化多样性  渐进式行动设计  历史环境教育  广州传统中轴线  城市历史景观  活化再生

Key words:  landscape architecture  urban biocultural diversity  progressiveaction design  historic environment education  Guangzhou traditional central axis  historic urban landscape  regeneration

摘要:

传统以图纸为核心的设计路径难以应对以广州传统中轴线为例的城市更新问题在真实世界语境中的复杂要求与挑战。基于渐进式行动设计的视野，从 欧盟GREEN SURGE项目推介的城市生物文化多样性概念及其“物质-生活-管护”工作框架出发，提出3个关键的设计方法：挖掘地方性生态知识、优化文化关 键物种与场地的关系、制定历史环境教育计划。结合广州传统中轴线城市历史景观活化再生的实践过程进行了具体的路径阐释，对应了渐进式行动设计路径的内 涵，提供了渐进式行动设计的具体地方性实施案例

Abstract:

As a "living heritage" preserving its spatial continuity for over 2,200 years without displacement or generational rupture, Guangzhou Traditional Central Axis embodies a unique biocultural landscape through its integrated "mountaincity- water" spatial configuration. This axis not only encapsulates profound ecological and cultural values but also sustains the daily lives of contemporary urban communities. However, under the pressures of rapid urbanization, it confronts critical tensions between ecological conservation, historical-cultural preservation, and socioeconomic development. Within UNESCO's Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) framework, sustainable regeneration strategies are imperative to reconcile these conflicts by fostering synergistic relationships among biological elements, natural environments, and cultural practices. Traditional design approaches, as demonstrated by our team's prior projects such as the Yudaihao Historic Environment Interpretation Study and the Ecoeducation Place Design along the axis, have proven inadequate in addressing the multifaceted challenges of urban regeneration in real-world contexts. To address these limitations, this study adopts a progressive-action design perspective and introduces the Urban Biocultural Diversity (UBCD) concept from the EU GREEN SURGE project. UBCD reorients urban conservation by shifting focus from nature's limited ecosystem services to localized human-nature cohabitation practices, emphasizing cultural contexts, value systems, and social institutions. Its tripartite "materialized-lived-stewardship" framework provides a methodological foundation for understanding dynamic interactions between urban residents and natural systems. The "lived" dimension explores how people perceive, experience, and evaluate urban nature; the "materialized" dimension translates these living experiences into tangible spatial interventions; and the "stewardship" dimension transcends conventional management by fostering proactive, long-term care rooted in a sense of ownership and responsibility. Building on this framework, three interconnected design strategies are proposed. First, excavating local ecological knowledge systems involves identifying invisible urban nature tied to disappearing environmental memories, declining ecological wisdom, and overlooked urban habitats. Second, optimizing cultural keystone species (CKS) and site relationships leverages plant species deeply intertwined with local socio-cultural identities. Defined as "non-human species inextricably linked to one or more socio-cultural groups", CKS, such as native banyans and lychee trees in Guangzhou, serve as spatial anchors for transmitting local ecological knowledge. However, relying solely on CKS to evoke emotional or cognitive responses remains insufficient to shift ingrained social behaviors or address practical challenges like sustainable plant maintenance. Third, developing historic environment education programs aims to transform passive users into active stewards through targeted initiatives that cultivate daily care practices, fostering emotional connections, attitudinal shifts, and practical skills. The landscape regeneration of the Old Nanhaixian Community along the axis exemplifies the application of this UBCD-driven approach. Initially, historical archives and community narratives were analyzed to recover endangered ecological knowledge, such as traditional plant uses and habitat management practices. Next, CKS were reintroduced through engineered installations, reestablishing spatial dialogues between nature and culture. Finally, collaborative governance structures were developed with grassroots organizations, integrating environmental education into daily life via micro-lectures, workshops, and volunteer programs focused on plant stewardship and landscape aesthetics. Participatory evaluations revealed significant outcomes: enhanced place attachment among residents, activated socio-ecological knowledge networks between communities and businesses, and emergent self-organized stewardship practices. Post-intervention monitoring demonstrated enduring effects even after project completion. Vegetation and materials underwent community-driven succession, ecological knowledge achieved intergenerational transmission, and residents autonomously managed public spaces. These findings underscore that physical upgrades alone are insufficient; sustainable regeneration requires embedding stewardship mechanisms that fuse social and environmental objectives. Crucially, the project validated that when designers withdraw and external funding ceases, community-led stewardship ensures the longevity of design outcomes. This case study advances progressive-action design theory by translating its principles into a contextualized implementation model. The metamorphosis of "short-term designs" into "self-perpetuating stewardship systems" reflects a paradigm shift in landscape architecture practice.