基于生态网络优化对比的国土空间生态 修复策略研究

Research on Ecological Restoration Strategy ofTerritorial Space Based on Ecological NetworkOptimization and Comparison

关键词:  风景园林  生态网络  MSPA  情景模拟  生态安 全格局  国土空间生态修复

Key words:  landscape architecture  ecological network  MSPA  scene simulation  ecological security pattern  ecological restoration of national space

摘要:

生态网络构建有助于整合破碎绿地斑块，识别国土 空间生态修复过程中的关键区域并制定针对性措施，为生态型 国土空间整治提供方法与技术支撑。然而，目前基于自然资源 与土地利用现状构建的单一时空情景生态网络，忽略了网络与 城市发展的动态变化，其稳定性与连通性缺乏验证反馈，契合 城市发展的合理网络优化方案尚不明晰，生态保护措施难以适 应未来城市空间的发展变化。在构建现有生态网络的基础上， 对未来城市土地利用扩张情况进行预测，从生态源地、廊道、 节点的动态修复视角设置增加生态踏脚石、清除生态障碍点和 保护关键生态夹点3种网络优化情景，通过网络连通性分析对 3种修复情景进行优化效应评估。结果显示，3种修复情景中， 消除生态障碍点对生态网络的优化作用最明显，是未来生态网 络构建与优化的主要关注方向。以通城县为例，判定了生态网 络的最佳优化方案，提出适应现状地域特征、面向未来发展方 向的生态安全格局，从生态资源要素与城市发展动态演替的视 角为生态格局优化提供新思路，为生态型国土空间综合整治提 供科学技术方法。

Abstract:

Ecological network construction is helpful to integrate broken green patches, identify key areas in the process of territorial ecological restoration and formulate targeted measures, and provide methods and technical support for ecological territorial space consolidation. However, the current single spatio-temporal scenario ecological network constructed based on the current situation of natural resources and land use ignores the dynamic changes of network and urban development, its stability and connectivity lack verification feedback, the reasonable network optimization plan for urban development is still unclear, and ecological protection measures are difficult to adapt to the future urban spatial development and change. On the basis of constructing the existing ecological network, the paper forecasts the future urban land use expansion, and sets up three network optimization scenarios from the perspective of ecological source, corridor and dynamic restoration of nodes, including increasing ecological stepping stones, removing ecological obstacles, and protecting key ecological pinch points. The optimization effect of three restoration scenarios is evaluated by network connectivity analysis. The results show that the elimination of ecological obstacles in the three restoration scenarios has the most obvious effect on the optimization of ecological network, and it is the main direction of the construction and optimization of ecological network in the future. Taking Tongcheng County as an example, the paper determines the best optimization plan of ecological network, and puts forward the ecological security pattern that adapts to the current regional characteristics and faces the future development direction. From the perspective of dynamic succession of ecological resource elements and urban development, this study provides new ideas for ecological pattern optimization and scientific and technological methods for ecological comprehensive consolidation of territorial space.