中国园林药用植物造景的思想源流

The Ideological Origins of Medicinal PlantLandscaping in Traditional Chinese Gardens

关键词:  风景园林  风景园林历史与理论  药用植物  营 造思想  身份塑造

Key words:  landscape architecture  history and theory of landscape architecture  medicinal plant  landscape creation ideology  identity shaping

摘要:

药用植物造景在中国造园艺术中有着悠久的历史，体 现了中国人对自然和人生的独特理解，表达了在日常生活中追 求身心平衡的价值观。通过梳理、阐释药用植物造景的脉络源 流和思想内涵，为理解中国传统园林发展的内生动力及其在当 代的传承创新提供借鉴。指出中国园林药用植物造景的思想源 流与道、医、儒、佛等传统文化密切相关：1)药用植物是园林 仙境主题造景的重要元素，作为仙药的象征体现道家的长生理 想；2)园林中的药用植物景观为医家提供了研修医理的场所； 3)儒家文士将在园中种药、赏药作为塑造隐士身份、展示博学 多知和体现仁爱之心的手段；4)佛家以药用植物塑造伽蓝梵 境，以药材比喻佛理，借以度化众生。

Abstract:

Medicinal plant landscaping is a distinctive phenomenon in Chinese garden art with a long history of development, reflecting the ancient Chinese people's unique understanding of nature and life. It emphasizes the concept of harmonious coexistence between human and nature and the pursuit of physical and mental balance in daily life. By examining and interpreting the origins and ideological contents of medicinal plant landscaping, this study provides insights into the intrinsic dynamics of traditional Chinese garden development and its contemporary inheritance and innovation. The ideological origins of medicinal plant landscaping in Chinese gardens are closely related to traditional cultures such as Taoism, medicine, Confucianism, and Buddhism: 1) Medicinal plants are important elements in the theme landscaping of garden paradises, symbolizing the Taoist ideal of longevity. 2) Medicinal plant landscapes in gardens provide a place for medical practitioners to cultivate medicinal materials. 3) Confucian literati used the cultivation and appreciation of medicinal plants in gardens to shape the identity of recluses, demonstrate extensive knowledge, and exhibit benevolence. 4) Buddhists used medicinal plants to create sacred Buddhist realms and used medicinal materials as metaphors for Buddhist teachings.