重庆城市绿地鸟类多样性与影响因素—— 以悦来国际会展城为例

Bird Diversity Characteristics and InfluencingFactors of Urban Green Spaces in Chongqing: ACase Study of Yuelai International Exhibition City

关键词:  风景园林  城市绿地  生物多样性  鸟类α多样 性  鸟类群落  影响因素

Key words:  landscape architecture  urban green space  biodiversity  bird alpha diversity  bird community  influencing factor

摘要:

城市绿地能够为城市提供重要的生态系统服务功 能。鸟类作为城市生态系统的重要指示物种，了解影响鸟类群 落多样性的城市绿地特征对于指导城市绿地规划和提升城市生 物多样性有重要意义。然而，多种城市绿地特征如何共同影响 鸟类多样性尚不完全明确。选取重庆市悦来国际会展城为研究 区域，采用样点法调查了49个绿地样地4个季节的鸟类资源数 据，并获取了样地的植被特征、环境特征及人为干扰特征等19 个城市绿地特征。使用广义线性模型、信息论模型选择及差异 性分析方法探析了城市绿地特征对鸟类α多样性的影响，阐述 了研究区鸟类α多样性的基本特征。结果显示：乔木层盖度、 乔木丰富度、灌木层盖度、灌木多度、草本层盖度、草本层多 样性、植被生境类型、环境噪声、距建设用地距离等因素对鸟 类α多样性有显著影响。鸟类α多样性特征在不同植被生境类 型及季节之间存在显著差异。麻竹生境的鸟类多度显著低于其 余多种生境，冬季鸟类α多样性指标偏低。在城市绿地的建设 中，根据显著影响鸟类的各种城市绿地特征，提出增强鸟类α 多样性的针对性建议，如控制乔木盖度，补充灌木层，以乡土 食源树种作为植被生境中的优势种，对冬季休眠植被进行分区 保留管理等。研究结果可以为地区城市生物多样性保护及城市 生态系统优化提供重要参考。

Abstract:

Urban green space can provide essential ecosystem services for cities. As birds are important indicator species of urban ecosystem, understanding the features of urban green space that affect the diversity of bird communities is of great significance for guiding urban green space planning and improving urban biodiversity. However, the combined effects of multiple urban green space attributes on bird diversity are not yet fully understood. In this study, Yuelai International Exhibition City in Chongqing was chosen as the study area. Bird data was collected from 49 green space sites across four seasons using point sampling methods. Additionally, 19 urban green space characteristics, including vegetation features, environmental features, and human disturbances, were recorded for each site. This study utilized generalized linear models, information theory-based model selection, and difference analysis to explore the influence of urban green space characteristics on bird alpha diversity. The fundamental characteristics of bird alpha diversity in the study area were elucidated. The results indicated that factors such as tree coverage, tree richness, shrub coverage, shrub abundance, herbaceous coverage, herbaceous diversity, vegetation habitat type, environmental noise, and distance from construction areas significantly influenced bird alpha diversity. Significant differences in bird alpha diversity were observed among different vegetation habitat types and seasons. Birds' abundance in bamboo habitats was significantly lower compared to other habitat types, and bird alpha diversity indicators were relatively low during the winter season. To enhance bird alpha diversity in urban green spaces, specific recommendations based on various characteristics that significantly affect birds' alpha diversity should be considered. These include controlling the tree coverage, augmenting the shrub layer, prioritizing native food-source tree species as dominant vegetation, and implementing zoned conservation management for dormant vegetation during winter. The results can contribute to the protection of regional urban biodiversity and provide important references to optimizing urban ecosystems.