自然保护地及其毗邻区人类活动影响研究： 进展与展望

Research on the Impacts of Human Activities inProtected Areas and Adjoining Areas: Progress andProspect

关键词:  风景园林  自然保护地  毗邻区  人类活动影 响  空间治理  可持续发展

Key words:  landscape architecture  protected area  adjoining area  human activity impact  spatial governance  sustainable development

摘要:

人类活动超载、土地破坏性利用在自然保护地毗邻区 普遍存在，是自然保护地栖息地丧失与生态系统退化的主要因 素，对全球生态安全构成严重威胁。中国自然保护地毗邻区人 口众多，保护发展“兼用”属性明显，治理成本高，管控难度 大。且自然保护地及其毗邻区人类活动影响具有溢出性、复杂 性、动态性等特征，对其影响评估、作用机理和管控策略等研 究成为众多学者近年来关注的重要议题。为厘清自然保护地及 其毗邻区人类活动影响研究进展，采用叙述性文献综述法，从 洞势、明律、释理和施策4个方面，系统梳理自然保护地及其毗 邻区人类活动影响研究领域的国际进展。研究洞察了自然保护 地及其毗邻区人类活动影响研究的价值和趋势；明晰了环境监 测实验、数理模型模拟和社会科学研究3种揭示人类活动影响规 律的基本研究范式；阐释了人类活动影响的机理、效应和机制3 类核心研究议题；揭示了人类活动影响管控的空间和程序2条根 本途径，并对其面临的挑战进行了探讨。研究认为自然保护地 人类活动影响研究应将关注视野拓展至毗邻区乃至自然保护地 网络，加强人与自然相互作用研究和地域性实践，协同空间途 径和程序途径，发展动态治理体系。

Abstract:

Overloading of human activities and destructive land use are common in the adjoining areas of protected areas, which are the main factors of ecosystem degradation and habitat loss in protected areas, and pose a severe threat to global ecological security. Owing to huge population and trade-off between development and protection, it is difficult to control the adjoining areas of terrestrial protected areas in China. Moreover, due to the features of spillover, dynamicity and complexity in the human activity impacts on protected areas and adjoining areas, research on impact assessment, mechanism and management strategies has become a vital topic for scholars in recent years. In order to clarify the progress of research on the human activity impacts on protected areas and adjoining areas, this paper adopts the narrative literature review method to sort out the international progress in this field from four aspects: trends, regularities, mechanisms, and approaches. In detail, the research provided insights into the value and trends of this research field, clarified the three basic paradigms for revealing the laws of human impact, namely empirical study, simulation and experience, explained the three core topics of the mechanisms, effects and regimes, and revealed the two fundamental ways of area-and process-oriented approaches. Finally, we discussed the challenges of this research. It was proposed that research should expand horizons to adjoining areas and even protected natural areas network, strengthen research on human-nature interactions and regional practices, synergize the area-and process-oriented approaches, and develop a dynamic governance system.