气候连通性：概念辨析、研究方法与提升 路径

Climate Connectivity: Conceptual Discrimination, Research Methods, and Improvement Paths

关键词:  风景园林  连通性  生物多样性保护  气候变化  生态廊道  气候适应规划  自然保护地

Key words:  landscape architecture  connectivity  biodiversity conservation  climate change  ecological corridor  climate adaptation planning  protected area

摘要:

：为适应气候变化，大量物种需要转移其活动范围， 而物种能否成功转移其活动范围取决于气候连通性是否良好。 如何保护并提升连通性以促进物种在气候变化下成功转移其活 动范围，已成为生物多样性保护和自然保护地建设所需应对的 重要问题。近年来，为针对性地探讨气候变化下的连通性问 题，国际学界提出了气候连通性的概念并开展了一系列研究。 首先对国际上提出的气候连通性和与之相关的气候速度、气候 轨迹和气候梯度廊道等概念的定义和关系进行了梳理；其次从 研究现状、数值模拟、指数评价和空间规划4个方面对气候连 通性研究方法进行了总结；最后为实现在气候变化下有效保护 中国生物多样性，提出了对中国气候连通性进行研究和提升的 5项建议，包括开展气候连通性评估和气候驱动下物种迁移路 径监测及模拟研究、探索自然保护地边界动态调整机制、制定 国土尺度气候连通性保护和提升规划、落实大尺度气候连通性 保护和生态廊道建设路径，以及加强国际合作保障跨国气候连 通性。研究结果对明晰气候连通性的概念及开展相关研究和实 践具有指导意义。

Abstract:

A large number of species need to shift their ranges to adapt to climate change, and whether they can successfully shift their ranges depends on connectivity. How to protect and improve connectivity to promote species' successful range shifts under climate change has become an important issue for biodiversity conservation and protected area construction. In recent years, in order to explore connectivity issues under climate change, the international academic community has proposed the concept of climate connectivity and carried out a series of studies. This article first sorts out the definitions and relationships of climate connectivity and related concepts such as climate velocity, climate trajectory, and climate gradient corridor; and then summarizes the research methods of climate connectivity from four aspects: research status, numerical simulation, index evaluation, and spatial planning. Finally, in order to effectively protect biodiversity in China under climate change, this study proposes five recommendations for studying and improving climate connectivity in China, including conducting national scale climate connectivity evaluation, and monitoring and simulation research on the paths of species range shifts driven by climate change; exploring dynamic adjustment mechanisms of protected area boundaries; developing national scale climate connectivity protection and improvement planning; implementing national scale climate connectivity protection and ecological corridor construction paths; and strengthening international cooperation to ensure transnational climate connectivity. This study has guiding significance for clarifying the concept of climate connectivity and developing future research and practice related to climate connectivity.