树冠透射率对微气候和建筑能耗的 综合影响

The Comprehensive Influence of Canopy Transmittance on Microclimate and Building Energy Consumption

关键词:  园林植物  树冠透射率  绿化改造  微气候  建筑能耗  耦合模拟

Key words:  landscape plant  canopy transmittance  greening renovation  microclimate  building energy consumption  coupling simulation

摘要:

现阶段中国城镇化率已超60%，城镇建筑运行能耗约占全国能源消耗总量的16.5%。老旧小区作为城镇建筑的重要存量，推动其绿化改造对改善建筑周围微气候和降低建筑能耗具有重大意义。目前，微气候和建筑能耗的模拟仿真分别基于不同的应用软件，且进行能耗模拟时并未考虑微气候因素对建筑能耗的影响。为定量评价和预测住区绿化改造对建筑周围微气候和建筑能耗的综合影响，基于Grasshopper平台，集合了微气候软件ENVI-met和建筑能耗软件EnergyPlus的模拟计算内核，开发了一种基于单平台耦合2类性能分析算法的协同工作流。研究结果表明，改变树冠透射率可使老旧小区建筑周围局部微气候的时空分布发生明显变化，从而显著改变建筑各楼层的夏季制冷能耗需求；长沙市城镇老旧小区绿化改造宜种植树冠透射率达0.05的树种，可使住宅建筑夏季制冷能耗日降幅最高至29.49kWh。

Abstract:

At this stage, China's urbanization rate has exceeded 60%, and urban building operation energy consumption accounts for approximately 16.5% of the country's total energy consumption. As an essential stock of urban buildings, it is of great significance to promote the greening transformation of old residential areas to improve the microclimate around buildings and reduce building energy consumption. At present, the simulation of microclimate and building energy consumption is based on different application software. The impact of microclimate factors on building energy consumption is not considered when energy consumption simulation is performed. To quantitatively evaluate and predict the comprehensive implications of residential greening renovation on the microclimate around the building and building energy consumption, based on the Grasshopper platform, this paper integrates the microclimate software ENVI-met and the building energy software EnergyPlus simulation calculation kernel and develops a collaborative workflow based on a single platform coupling two types of performance analysis algorithms. The research results show that changing the canopy transmittance can cause significant changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of the local microclimate around buildings in old neighborhoods, thus significantly changing the summer cooling energy demand on each floor of the buildings. It is advisable to plant trees with a canopy transmittance of up to 0.05 for greening renovation of old urban neighborhoods in Changsha, which can reduce the daily cooling energy consumption of residential buildings in summer up to 29.49kWh.